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In this study, we found that cyclo (\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010Pro\u2010\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010Pro) and cyclo (\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010Pro\u2010\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010Pro) (where Pro is proline) could induce defence responses and systemic resistance in\n                    <jats:italic>Nicotiana benthamiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Treatment with the two cyclodipeptides led to a reduction in disease severity by\n                    <jats:italic>Phytophthora nicotianae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Tobacco mosaic virus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (TMV) infections compared with controls. Both cyclopeptides triggered stomatal closure, induced reactive oxygen species production and stimulated cytosolic calcium ion and nitric oxide production in guard cells. In addition, the application of cyclodipeptides significantly up\u2010regulated the expression of the plant defence gene\n                    <jats:italic>PR\u20101a<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the PR\u20101a protein, and increased cellular salicylic acid (SA) levels. These results suggest that the SA\u2010dependent defence pathway is involved in cyclodipeptide\u2010mediated pathogen resistance in\n                    <jats:italic>N. benthamiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We report the systemic resistance induced by cyclodipeptides, which sheds light on the potential of cyclodipeptides for the control of plant diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.12381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,2]],"date-time":"2016-02-02T11:38:57Z","timestamp":1454413137000},"page":"67-74","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Induction of systemic disease resistance in\n                    <i>Nicotiana benthamiana<\/i>\n                    by the cyclodipeptides cyclo (\n                    <scp>l<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Pro\u2010\n                    <scp>l<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Pro) and cyclo (\n                    <scp>d<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Pro\u2010\n                    <scp>d<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Pro)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Liming","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education Nanjing 210095 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huijun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education Nanjing 210095 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, 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