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To gain a broader insight into the physiological functions of the velvet protein family of\n                    <jats:italic>Valsa mali<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which causes a highly destructive canker disease on apple, we conducted a functional analysis of two velvet protein family members (VmVeA and VmVelB) via a gene replacement strategy. Deletion mutants of\n                    <jats:italic>VmVeA<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>VmVelB<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed increased melanin production, conidiation and sensitivity to abiotic stresses, but exhibited reduced virulence on detached apple leaves and twigs. Further studies demonstrated that the regulation of conidiation by VmVeA and VmVelB was positively correlated with the melanin synthesis transcription factor VmCmr1. More importantly, transcript levels of pectinase genes were shown to be decreased in deletion mutants compared with those of the wild\u2010type during infection. However, the expression of other cell wall\u2010degrading enzyme genes, including cellulase, hemi\u2010cellulase and ligninase genes, was not affected in the deletion mutants. Furthermore, the determination of pectinase activity and immunogold labelling of pectin demonstrated that the capacity for pectin degradation was attenuated as a result of deletions of\n                    <jats:italic>VmVeA<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>VmVelB<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Finally, the interaction of VmVeA with VmVelB was identified through co\u2010immunoprecipitation assays. VmVeA and VmVelB play critical roles in conidiation and virulence, probably via the regulation of the melanin synthesis transcription factor VmCmr1 and their effect on pectinase gene expression in\n                    <jats:italic>V.\u00a0mali<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.12645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,11]],"date-time":"2017-11-11T07:30:48Z","timestamp":1510385448000},"page":"1639-1651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Two members of the velvet family, VmVeA and VmVelB, affect conidiation, virulence and pectinase expression in\n                    <i>Valsa mali<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yuxing","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, China\u2013Australia Joint Research Centre for Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management, College of Plant Protection Northwest A&amp;F University  Shaanxi Yangling 712100 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangsheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, China\u2013Australia Joint Research Centre for Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management, College of Plant Protection Northwest A&amp;F University  Shaanxi Yangling 712100 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, China\u2013Australia Joint Research Centre for Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management, College of Plant Protection Northwest A&amp;F University  Shaanxi Yangling 712100 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingqing","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, China\u2013Australia Joint Research Centre for Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management, College of Plant Protection Northwest A&amp;F University  Shaanxi Yangling 712100 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoning","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, China\u2013Australia Joint Research Centre for Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management, College of Plant Protection Northwest A&amp;F University  Shaanxi Yangling 712100 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, China\u2013Australia Joint Research Centre for Abiotic and 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