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Until now, few maize genes\/proteins have been shown to be involved in resistance to SCMV. In this study, we characterized the role of maize phenylalanine ammonia\u2010lyases (ZmPALs) in accumulation of the defence signal salicylic acid (SA) and in resistance to virus infection. SCMV infection significantly increased SA accumulation and expression of SA\u2010responsive pathogenesis\u2010related protein genes\u00a0(\n                    <jats:italic>PR<\/jats:italic>\n                    s). Interestingly, exogenous SA treatment decreased SCMV accumulation and enhanced resistance. Both reverse transcription\u2010coupled quantitative PCR and RNA\u2010Seq data confirmed that expression levels of at least four\n                    <jats:italic>ZmPAL<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes were significantly up\u2010regulated upon SCMV infection. Knockdown of\n                    <jats:italic>ZmPAL<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression led to enhanced SCMV infection symptom severity and virus multiplication, and simultaneously resulted in decreased SA accumulation and\n                    <jats:italic>PR<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene expression. Intriguingly, application of exogenous SA to SCMV\u2010infected\n                    <jats:italic>ZmPAL<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010silenced maize plants decreased SCMV accumulation, showing that ZmPALs are required for SA\u2010mediated resistance to SCMV infection. In addition, lignin measurements and metabolomic analysis showed that ZmPALs are also involved in SCMV\u2010induced lignin accumulation and synthesis of\u00a0other secondary metabolites via the phenylpropanoid pathway. In summary, our results indicate that ZmPALs are required for SA accumulation in maize and are involved in resistance to virus infection by limiting virus accumulation and moderating symptom severity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.12817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T09:14:04Z","timestamp":1567674844000},"page":"1365-1378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Maize phenylalanine ammonia\u2010lyases contribute to resistance to\n                    <i>Sugarcane mosaic virus<\/i>\n                    infection, most\u00a0likely through\u00a0positive regulation of salicylic acid accumulation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9201-3065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for 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