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Several SAR signals have been characterized, but the nature of the other unknown signalling by small metabolites in SAR remains unclear. Glutathione (GSH) has long been implicated in the defence reaction against biotic stress. However, the mechanism that GSH increases plant tolerance against virus infection is not entirely known. Here, a combination of a chemical, virus\u2010induced gene\u2010silencing\u2010based genetics approach, and transgenic technology was undertaken to investigate the role of GSH in plant viral resistance in <jats:italic>Nicotiana benthamiana<\/jats:italic>. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection results in increasing the expression of GSH biosynthesis genes <jats:italic>NbECS<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>NbGS<\/jats:italic>, and GSH content. Silencing of <jats:italic>NbECS<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>NbGS<\/jats:italic> accelerated oxidative damage, increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), compromised plant resistance to TMV, and suppressed the salicylic acid (SA)\u2010mediated signalling pathway. Application of GSH or <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u20102\u2010oxothiazolidine\u20104\u2010carboxylic acid (a GSH activator) alleviated oxidative damage, decreased accumulation of ROS, elevated plant local and systemic resistance, enhanced the SA\u2010mediated signalling pathway, and increased the expression of ROS scavenging\u2010related genes. However, treatment with buthionine sulfoximine (a GSH inhibitor) accelerated oxidative damage, elevated ROS accumulation, compromised plant systemic resistance, suppressed the SA\u2010mediated signalling pathway, and reduced the expression of ROS\u2010regulating genes. Overexpression of <jats:italic>NbECS<\/jats:italic> reduced oxidative damage, decreased accumulation of ROS, increased resistance to TMV, activated the SA\u2010mediated signalling pathway, and increased the expression of the ROS scavenging\u2010related genes. We present molecular evidence suggesting GSH is essential for both local and systemic resistance of <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>.\u00a0<jats:italic>benthamiana<\/jats:italic> to TMV through a differential modulation of SA and ROS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.13138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T01:34:50Z","timestamp":1632360890000},"page":"1668-1687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Glutathione contributes to resistance responses to TMV through a differential modulation of salicylic acid and reactive oxygen species"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6853-7291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture and Plant Protection Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri\u2010Product Safety, 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