{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:54:50Z","timestamp":1790837690154,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646352000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015\u201067013\u201023068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\u201067013\u201023068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011138","name":"AgBioResearch, Michigan State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011138","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bsppjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Plant Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The enterobacterial pathogen\n                    <jats:italic>Erwinia amylovora<\/jats:italic>\n                    uses multiple virulence\u2010associated traits to cause fire blight, a devastating disease of apple and pear trees. Many virulence\u2010associated phenotypes have been studied that are critical for virulence and pathogenicity. Despite the in vitro testing that has revealed how these systems are transcriptionally regulated, information on when and where in infected tissues these genes are being expressed is lacking. Here, we used a high\u2010throughput sequencing approach to characterize the transcriptome of\n                    <jats:italic>E.\u00a0amylovora<\/jats:italic>\n                    during disease progression on apple flowers under field infection conditions. We report that type III secretion system genes and flagellar genes are strongly co\u2010expressed. Likewise, genes involved in biosynthesis of the exopolysaccharide amylovoran and sorbitol utilization had similar expression patterns. We further identified a group of 16 genes whose expression is increased and maintained at high levels throughout disease progression across time and tissues. We chose five of these genes for mutational analysis and observed that deletion mutants lacking these genes all display reduced symptom development on apple shoots. Furthermore, these induced genes were over\u2010represented for genes involved in sulphur metabolism and cycling, suggesting the possibility of an important role for maintenance of oxidative homeostasis during apple flower infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.13199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T00:50:43Z","timestamp":1646441443000},"page":"855-869","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Identification of novel virulence factors in\n                    <i>Erwinia amylovora<\/i>\n                    through temporal transcriptomic analysis of infected apple flowers under field conditions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6506-2398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey K.","family":"Schachterle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics and Genome Sciences Program Michigan State University  East Lansing MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University  East Lansing MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8916-7602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristi","family":"Gdanetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University  East Lansing MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishani","family":"Pandya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University  East Lansing MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4078-8368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George W.","family":"Sundin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics and Genome Sciences Program Michigan State University  East Lansing MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University  East Lansing MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Image processing with ImageJ","volume":"11","author":"Abr\u00e0moff M.D.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biophotonics International"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)41691-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.278"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37195"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","volume-title":"Differential expression of RNA\u2010Seq data at the gene level\u2013the DESeq package","author":"Anders S.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu638"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.102.4.1341"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M209888200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01874789"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/Phyto-76-441"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(99)00018-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-8130(94)90058-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00281614"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2008.01438.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.8.2244-2247.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.12501"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.3.1043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.120163297"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI.1998.11.8.734"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.02068-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851992945.0117"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.1996.411.50"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/pmpp.1993.1029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-5765(92)90029-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01652-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","first-page":"733","article-title":"Relations of nectar concentration to growth of Erwinia amylovora and fire blight infection of apple and pear blossoms","volume":"62","author":"Ivanoff S.","year":"1941","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep03081"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-phyto-020620-095540"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/713803496"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.05138-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-99-11-1237"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(95)00584-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M002680200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-013-0790-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.14020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-phyto-081211-172931"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1364-3703.2011.00738.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv468"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-6215(96)00070-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032583"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160612836"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-017-4251-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO.2000.90.12.1352"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0011-2240(77)90185-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02404-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/Phyto-70-1062"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568-7864(03)00065-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.3931"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.12577"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.19.5706-5713.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.160261497"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00022-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-01-21-0018-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-09-16-0352-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022535"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00606-002-0274-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M106907200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Regulatory genes and environmental regulation of amylovoran biosynthesis in Erwinia amylovora","volume":"896","author":"Wang D.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Horticulturae"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1364-3703.2008.00531.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1621099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560020503"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109485200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-04-21-0095-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.02056-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-414"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.23.8088-8103.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","first-page":"177","article-title":"Evolution and function of flagellar and non\u2010flagellar type III secretion systems in Erwinia amylovora","volume":"896","author":"Zhao Y.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Horticulturae"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-10-245"}],"container-title":["Molecular Plant Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mpp.13199","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/mpp.13199","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bsppjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mpp.13199","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bsppjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mpp.13199","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T17:03:28Z","timestamp":1762275808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bsppjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mpp.13199"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mpp.13199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mpp.13199","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-6722","1364-3703"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-6722","type":"print"},{"value":"1364-3703","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-01-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}