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A screen of a\n Nicotiana benthamiana<\/jats:italic>\n cDNA virus\u2010induced gene silencing (VIGS) library for altered plant responses to inoculation with\n Phytophthora infestans<\/jats:italic>\n previously identified an NbMKK gene, encoding a clade D MAPKK that we renamed as\n NbMKK5<\/jats:italic>\n , which is involved in immunity to\n P.\u00a0infestans<\/jats:italic>\n . To study the role of the potato orthologous gene, referred to as\n StMKK5<\/jats:italic>\n , in the response to\n P.\u00a0infestans<\/jats:italic>\n , we transiently overexpressed\n StMKK5<\/jats:italic>\n in\n N.\u00a0benthamiana<\/jats:italic>\n and observed that cell death occurred at 2\u2009days postinfiltration. Silencing of the highly conserved eukaryotic protein\n SGT1<\/jats:italic>\n delayed\u00a0the StMKK5\u2010induced cell death, whereas silencing of the MAPK\u2010encoding gene\n NbSIPK<\/jats:italic>\n completely abolished the cell death response. Further investigations showed that StMKK5 interacts with, and directly phosphorylates, StSIPK. Furthermore, both StMKK5 and StSIPK trigger salicylic acid (SA)\u2010 and ethylene (Eth)\u2010related gene expression, and co\u2010expression of the salicylate hydroxylase NahG with the negative regulator of Eth signalling CTR1 hampers StSIPK\u2010triggered cell death. This observation indicates that the cell death triggered by StMKK5\u2010StSIPK is dependent on the combination of SA\u2010 and Eth\u2010signalling. By introducing point mutations, we showed that the kinase activity of both StMKK5 and StSIPK is required for triggering cell death. Genetic analysis showed that StMKK5 depends on StSIPK to trigger plant resistance. Thus, our results define a potato StMKK5\u2010SIPK module that positively regulates immunity to\n P.\u00a0infestans<\/jats:italic>\n via activation of both the SA and Eth signalling pathways.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.13306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T23:46:02Z","timestamp":1676331962000},"page":"399-412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The potato StMKK5\u2010StSIPK module enhances resistance to\n Phytophthora<\/i>\n pathogens through activating the salicylic acid and ethylene signalling pathways"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture Northwest A&F University Yangling China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaokang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture Northwest A&F University Yangling China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruixin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture Northwest A&F University Yangling China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture Northwest A&F University Yangling China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture Northwest A&F University Yangling China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6243-4547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthieu H. 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