{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T18:36:15Z","timestamp":1790447775346,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bsppjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Plant Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Chemical fungicides have been instrumental in protecting crops from fungal diseases. However, increasing fungal resistance to many of the single\u2010site chemical fungicides calls for the development of new antifungal agents with novel modes of action (MoA). The sequence\u2010divergent cysteine\u2010rich antifungal defensins with multisite MoA are promising starting templates for design of novel peptide\u2010based fungicides. Here, we experimentally tested such a set of 17\u2010amino\u2010acid peptides containing the \u03b3\u2010core motif of the antifungal plant defensin MtDef4. These designed peptides exhibited antifungal properties different from those of MtDef4. Focused analysis of a lead peptide, GMA4CG_V6, showed that it was a random coil in solution with little or no secondary structure elements. Additionally, it exhibited potent cation\u2010tolerant antifungal activity against the plant fungal pathogen\n                    <jats:italic>Botrytis cinerea<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the causal agent of grey mould disease in fruits and vegetables. Its multisite MoA involved localization predominantly to the plasma membrane, permeabilization of the plasma membrane, rapid internalization into the vacuole and cytoplasm, and affinity for the bioactive phosphoinositides phosphatidylinositol 3\u2010phosphate (PI3P), PI4P, and PI5P. The sequence motif RRRW was identified as a major determinant of the antifungal activity of this peptide. While topical spray application of GMA4CG_V6 on\n                    <jats:italic>Nicotiana benthamiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    and tomato plants provided preventive and curative suppression of grey mould disease symptoms, the peptide was not internalized into plant cells. Our findings open the possibility that truncated and modified defensin\u2010derived peptides containing the \u03b3\u2010core sequence could serve as promising candidates for further development of bio\u2010inspired fungicides.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.13336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T08:34:35Z","timestamp":1681115675000},"page":"896-913","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Plant defensin\n                    <scp>M<\/scp>\n                    t\n                    <scp>De<\/scp>\n                    f\n                    <scp>4<\/scp>\n                    \u2010derived antifungal peptide with multiple modes of action and potential as a bio\u2010inspired fungicide"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1529-3331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meenakshi","family":"Tetorya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Donald Danforth Plant Science Center  St Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2489-4905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donald Danforth Plant Science Center  St Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7496-449X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnaud Thierry","family":"Djami\u2010Tchatchou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donald Danforth Plant Science Center  St Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3639-1061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Garry W.","family":"Buchko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory  Richland Washington USA"},{"name":"School of Molecular Biosciences Washington State University  Pullman Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5471-7395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirk J.","family":"Czymmek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donald Danforth Plant Science Center  St Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Advanced Bioimaging Laboratory Donald Danforth Plant Science Center  St Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9503-4729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilip M.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donald Danforth Plant Science Center  St Louis Missouri 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