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We recently showed that the RND efflux pump DesABC in\n                    <jats:italic>D. oryzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    confers partial resistance to zeamines. To fully elucidate the bacterial self\u2010protection mechanisms, in this study we used transposon mutagenesis to identify the genes encoding proteins involved in zeamine resistance in\n                    <jats:italic>D. oryzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    EC1. This led to the identification of a seven\u2010gene operon,\n                    <jats:italic>arn<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>EC1<\/jats:sub>\n                    , that encodes enzyme homologues associated with lipopolysaccharide modification. Deletion of the\n                    <jats:italic>arn<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>EC1<\/jats:sub>\n                    genes in strain EC1 compromised its zeamine resistance 8\u2010 to 16\u2010fold. Further deletion of the\n                    <jats:italic>des<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene in the\n                    <jats:italic>arn<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>EC1<\/jats:sub>\n                    mutant background reduced zeamine resistance to a level similar to that of the zeamine\u2010sensitive\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    DH5\u03b1. Intriguingly, the\n                    <jats:italic>arn<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>EC1<\/jats:sub>\n                    mutants showed varied bacterial virulence on rice, potato, and Chinese cabbage. Further analyses demonstrated that ArnBCAT\n                    <jats:sub>EC1<\/jats:sub>\n                    are involved in maintenance of the bacterial nonmucoid morphotype by repressing the expression of capsular polysaccharide genes and that ArnB\n                    <jats:sub>EC1<\/jats:sub>\n                    is a bacterial virulence determinant, influencing transcriptional expression of over 650 genes and playing a key role in modulating bacterial motility and virulence. Taken together, these findings decipher a novel zeamine resistance mechanism in\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>oryzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and document new roles of the Arn enzymes in modulation of bacterial physiology and virulence.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.13386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T23:41:31Z","timestamp":1695426091000},"page":"1480-1494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Characterization of the Arn lipopolysaccharide modification system essential for zeamine resistance unveils its new roles in\n                    <i>Dickeya oryzae<\/i>\n                    physiology and 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