{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:55:56Z","timestamp":1790193356949,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bsppjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Plant Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Due to rapidly emerging resistance to single\u2010site fungicides in fungal pathogens of plants, there is a burgeoning need for safe and multisite fungicides. Plant antifungal peptides with multisite modes of action (MoA) have potential as bioinspired fungicides.\n                    <jats:italic>Medicago truncatula<\/jats:italic>\n                    defensin MtDef4 was previously reported to exhibit potent antifungal activity against fungal pathogens. Its MoA involves plasma membrane disruption and binding to intracellular targets. However, specific biochemical processes inhibited by this defensin and causing cell death have not been determined. Here, we show that MtDef4 exhibited potent antifungal activity against\n                    <jats:italic>Botrytis cinerea<\/jats:italic>\n                    . It induced severe plasma membrane and organelle irregularities in the germlings of this pathogen. It bound to fungal ribosomes and inhibited protein translation in\u00a0vitro. A MtDef4 variant lacking antifungal activity exhibited greatly reduced protein translation inhibitory activity. A cation\u2010tolerant MtDef4 variant was generated that bound to \u03b2\u2010glucan of the fungal cell wall with higher affinity than MtDef4. It also conferred a greater reduction in the grey mould disease symptoms than MtDef4 when applied exogenously on\n                    <jats:italic>Nicotiana benthamiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    plants, tomato fruits and rose petals. Our findings revealed inhibition of protein synthesis as a likely target of MtDef4 and the potential of its cation\u2010tolerant variant as a peptide\u2010based fungicide.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.13458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T11:56:50Z","timestamp":1713182210000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Modes of action and potential as a peptide\u2010based biofungicide of a plant defensin\n                    <scp>MtDef4<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2489-4905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Donald Danforth Plant Science Center  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0110-2888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raviraj","family":"Kalunke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donald Danforth Plant Science Center  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1529-3331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meenakshi","family":"Tetorya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donald Danforth Plant Science Center  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5471-7395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirk J.","family":"Czymmek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donald Danforth Plant Science Center  St. Louis Missouri USA"},{"name":"Advanced Bioimaging Laboratory Donald Danforth Plant Science Center  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9503-4729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilip M.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donald Danforth Plant Science Center  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.151.5.F23"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002230"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.9b00638"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00282-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.933376"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcsw.2019.100026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01479-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2016-0181"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02295"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13333"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17050785"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1404169111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20080398"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","volume-title":"Botrytis\u2014the 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