{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T10:11:28Z","timestamp":1782641488532,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]],"date-time":"2025-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bsppjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Plant Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Plant viral diseases pose a significant threat to agricultural production, and the availability of effective drugs against viral diseases remains limited. In this study, we discovered that betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid derived from plants, delays infection by turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) in\n                    <jats:italic>Nicotiana benthamiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Transcriptomic analysis revealed that BA treatment specifically induced the expression of\n                    <jats:italic>N. benthamiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    phytosulfokine 3 (NbPSK3), a plant pentapeptide hormone with diverse functions, while TuMV infection suppressed its expression. Further study demonstrated that NbPSK3 positively regulates antiviral defence against TuMV infection. Disruption of PSK signalling by targeting the membrane\u2010bound PSK receptors (PSKRs) promoted viral infection. Additionally, exogenous sulphonated PSK (active form) treatment significantly delayed infection by TuMV in\n                    <jats:italic>N. benthamiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    compared to unmodified PSK peptides (dPSK, inactive form) or control treatments, while silencing the receptor\n                    <jats:italic>NbPSKR1<\/jats:italic>\n                    abolished the ability of PSK to inhibit TuMV infection. Moreover, the inhibition of TuMV infection by BA is dependent on the PSK\u2010PSKR signalling pathway. Overall, these findings not only underscore the potential of BA as a promising and environmentally friendly agent for modulating plant viral diseases but also emphasise the role of the PSK signalling pathway in promoting at least partial resistance to TuMV, which might have interest for crop breeding.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.70092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T02:44:31Z","timestamp":1747017871000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Betulinic Acid Delays Turnip Mosaic Virus Infection by Activating the Phytosulfokine Signalling Pathway in\n                    <i>Nicotiana benthamiana<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Meirong","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection Henan Agricultural University  Zhengzhou Henan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengyue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection Henan Agricultural University  Zhengzhou Henan China"},{"name":"Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, College of Plant Protection Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keda","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection Henan Agricultural University  Zhengzhou Henan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianjian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection Henan Agricultural University  Zhengzhou Henan China"},{"name":"MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co\u2010Construction by Ministry and Province) Yangtze University  Jingzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziting","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection Henan Agricultural University  Zhengzhou Henan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7830-9225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaonan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, College of Plant Protection Henan Agricultural University  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