{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T17:43:02Z","timestamp":1782927782716,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32570175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32570175"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31870147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31870147"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bsppjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Plant Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Plant virus infections commonly inhibit leaf photosynthesis, leading to characteristic symptoms such as chlorosis. However, whether a conserved mechanism underpins this phenomenon remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the coat protein (CP) of tobacco rattle virus (TRV) interacts with\n                    <jats:italic>Nicotiana benthamiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    ferredoxin (NbFd1) in chloroplasts, recruiting the 26S proteasome to promote NbFd1 degradation. This degradation reduces the net photosynthetic rate facilitated by NbFd1, ultimately causing leaf chlorosis. Notably, this interaction is not unique to TRV CP, as other viral proteins also recognise Fd1, suggesting a conserved mechanism among plant viruses. Evolutionary analyses indicate that Fd1 originated from prokaryotic photosynthetic bacteria and was maintained in plants through endosymbiosis under strong selective pressure. Notably, Fd1 from\n                    <jats:italic>Selaginella moellendorffii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , an early\u2010diverging vascular plant, is also recognised by TRV CP, suggesting an ancient origin of this interaction. In addition,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Solanum lycopersicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    Fd1 interacts with TRV CP, and its overexpression suppresses TRV\u2010GFP infection, supporting a defensive role. Together, these findings show that TRV CP targets Fd1 to impair host photosynthesis and promote symptom development, whereas highlighting the evolutionary significance of this interaction.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.70237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T06:20:45Z","timestamp":1774592445000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tobacco Rattle Virus Coat Protein Targets Ferredoxin 1 for Degradation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Shaorui","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changyun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyi","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weina","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoran","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4491-5380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality College of Tobacco Science of Guizhou University  Guiyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0062-4916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianchao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-047378-9.50020-8","volume-title":"Plant Pathology","author":"Agrios G. N.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0004(88)90016-3","article-title":"The Discovery of Ferredoxin: The Photosynthetic Path","volume":"13","author":"Arnon D. I.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Trends in Biochemical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2010.04479.x","article-title":"Cyanobacterial Flavodoxin Complements Ferredoxin Deficiency in Knocked\u2010Down Transgenic Tobacco Plants","volume":"65","author":"Blanco N. E.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.112.211078","article-title":"Expression of the Minor Isoform Pea Ferredoxin in Tobacco Alters Photosynthetic Electron Partitioning and Enhances Cyclic Electron Flow","volume":"161","author":"Blanco N. E.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.106.084624","article-title":"Efficient Virus\u2010Induced Gene Silencing in Arabidopsis","volume":"142","author":"Burch\u2010Smith T.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.15377","article-title":"Ferredoxin 1 Is Downregulated by the Accumulation of Abscisic Acid in an ABI5\u2010Dependent Manner to Facilitate Rice Stripe Virus Infection in Nicotiana benthamiana and Rice","volume":"107","author":"Cui W.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.40.120301.102400","article-title":"Tobacco Mosaic Virus Assembly and Disassembly: Determinants in Pathogenicity and Resistance","volume":"40","author":"Culver J. N.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annual Review of Phytopathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"Chapter Eight\u2014Prequels to Synthetic Biology: From Candidate Gene Identification and Validation to Enzyme Subcellular Localization in Plant and Yeast Cells","volume":"576","author":"Foureau E.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods in Enzymology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.12150","article-title":"Ectopically Expressed Sweet Pepper Ferredoxin PFLP Enhances Disease Resistance to \n                     Pectobacterium carotovorum\n                   subsp. carotovorum Affected by Harpin and Protease\u2010Mediated Hypersensitive Response in Arabidopsis","volume":"15","author":"Ger M.\u2010J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecular Plant Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.103.026013","article-title":"Decreased Content of Leaf Ferredoxin Changes Electron Distribution and Limits Photosynthesis in Transgenic Potato Plants","volume":"133","author":"Holtgrefe S.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plant Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2006.01.007","article-title":"Plant Ferredoxin\u2010Like Protein (PFLP) Exhibits an Anti\u2010Microbial Ability Against Soft\u2010Rot Pathogen \n                     Erwinia carotovora\n                   subsp. carotovora In\u00a0Vitro and In\u00a0Vivo","volume":"171","author":"Huang H.\u2010E.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmpp.2004.05.005","article-title":"A Hypersensitive Response Was Induced by Virulent Bacteria in Transgenic Tobacco Plants Overexpressing a Plant Ferredoxin\u2010Like Protein (PFLP)","volume":"64","author":"Huang H.\u2010E.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14963","article-title":"Endosymbiotic Origin and Differential Loss of Eukaryotic Genes","volume":"524","author":"Ku C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0232-3","article-title":"Evolution and Ecology of Plant Viruses","volume":"17","author":"Lefeuvre P.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI.2003.16.12.1135","article-title":"Depletion of the Photosystem II Core Complex in Mature Tobacco Leaves Infected by the Flavum Strain of Tobacco Mosaic Virus","volume":"16","author":"Lehto K.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Molecular Plant\u2013Microbe Interactions"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-08-10-0220","article-title":"C\u2010Terminal Region of Plant Ferredoxin\u2010Like Protein Is Required to Enhance Resistance to Bacterial Disease in Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"101","author":"Lin Y.\u2010H.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmpp.2021.101613","article-title":"Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals That Photoinduced Gene IP\u2010L Affects the Expression of PsbO to Response to Virus Infection in Nicotiana benthamiana","volume":"114","author":"Liu C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmpp.2008.05.004","article-title":"Decreased Level of Ferredoxin I in Tobacco Mosaic Virus\u2010Infected Tobacco Is Associated With Development of the Mosaic Symptom","volume":"72","author":"Ma Y.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012374410-4.00515-X","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Virology","author":"MacFarlane S. A.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-4059(84)90056-0","article-title":"Studies on Peanut Green Mosaic Virus Infected Peanut (\n                     Arachis hypogaea\n                   L.) Leaves. I. Photosynthesis and Photochemical Reactions","volume":"25","author":"Naidu R. A.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Physiological Plant Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.690988","article-title":"Downregulation of Light\u2010Harvesting Complex II Induces ROS\u2010Mediated Defense Against Turnip Mosaic Virus Infection in Nicotiana benthamiana","volume":"12","author":"Qiu S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19525-5","article-title":"Cucumber Mosaic Virus Coat Protein Induces the Development of Chlorotic Symptoms Through Interacting With the Chloroplast Ferredoxin I Protein","volume":"8","author":"Qiu Y.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.89.1.111","article-title":"Reduced Photosystem II Activity and Accumulation of Viral Coat Protein in Chloroplasts of Leaves Infected With Tobacco Mosaic Virus","volume":"89","author":"Reinero A.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Plant Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52610-0","article-title":"Conservation of Molecular Responses Upon Viral Infection in the Non\u2010Vascular Plant Marchantia polymorpha","volume":"15","author":"Ros\u2010Moner E.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","first-page":"917","article-title":"Reduced Levels of Chloroplast FtsH Protein in Tobacco Mosaic Virus\u2010Infected Tobacco Leaves Accelerate the Hypersensitive Reaction","volume":"12","author":"Seo S.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-014-0471-0","article-title":"Plant Ferredoxin\u2010Like Protein Enhances Resistance to Bacterial Soft Rot Disease Through PAMP\u2010Triggered Immunity in \n                     Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"140","author":"Su Y.\u2010H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Journal of Plant Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2611","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-013-1778-4","article-title":"In Vitro Binding and Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation Assays Suggest an Interaction Between Tomato Mosaic Virus Coat Protein and Tobacco Chloroplast Ferredoxin I","volume":"158","author":"Sun X.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Archives of Virology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.106.042424","article-title":"Functional Replacement of Ferredoxin by a Cyanobacterial Flavodoxin in Tobacco Confers Broad\u2010Range Stress Tolerance","volume":"18","author":"Tognetti V. B.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.161562","article-title":"FdC1, a Novel Ferredoxin Protein Capable of Alternative Electron Partitioning, Increases in Conditions of Acceptor Limitation at Photosystem I","volume":"286","author":"Voss I.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.2008.01112.x","article-title":"Knockout of Major Leaf Ferredoxin Reveals New Redox\u2010Regulatory Adaptations in \n                     Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"133","author":"Voss I.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiologia Plantarum"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3220681","article-title":"Oxidative Burst: An Early Plant Response to Pathogen Infection","volume":"322","author":"Wojtaszek P.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochemical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erz565","article-title":"Involvement of the Chloroplast Gene Ferredoxin 1 in Multiple Responses of Nicotiana benthamiana to Potato Virus X Infection","volume":"71","author":"Yang X.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-002-0970-7","article-title":"Sweet Pepper Ferredoxin\u2010Like Protein (Pflp) Gene as a Novel Selection Marker for Orchid Transformation","volume":"217","author":"You S. J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Planta"}],"container-title":["Molecular Plant Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bsppjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mpp.70237","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bsppjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/mpp.70237","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bsppjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mpp.70237","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T09:06:38Z","timestamp":1774602398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bsppjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mpp.70237"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mpp.70237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mpp.70237","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-6722","1364-3703"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-6722","type":"print"},{"value":"1364-3703","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70237"}}