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Areca palm velarivirus 1 (APV1), a member of genus\n                    <jats:italic>Velarivirus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , family\n                    <jats:italic>Closteroviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , is a causal agent of yellow leaf disease affecting\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Areca catechu<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in Hainan, China. In this work, we identified the APV1\u2010encoded p26 protein as a multifunctional VSR that suppresses local silencing induced by single\u2010stranded RNA (ssRNA), systemic silencing induced by ssRNA and double\u2010stranded RNA (dsRNA), and the systemic spread of silencing signals. p26 was shown to be a viral pathogenicity factor that enhances the accumulation and pathogenicity of recombinant potato virus X (PVX). The suppressor of gene silencing 3 protein of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. catechu<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (AcSGS3), a key component of the plant antiviral silencing pathway, was proved to be a host factor interacting with p26. Both APV1 infection and p26 overexpression significantly induced\n                    <jats:italic>NbSGS3<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression in\n                    <jats:italic>Nicotiana benthamiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The accumulation level of AcSGS3 protein decreased in the presence of p26, and such degradation was sensitive to the ubiquitination inhibitor MG132. Overexpression of p26 disturbed the interaction between SGS3 and the RNA\u2010dependent RNA polymerase 6 protein (RDR6), another key component coordinating with SGS3 in antiviral silencing. Our study reveals the molecular mechanism of p26\u2010mediated suppression of host antiviral defence by targeting SGS3 for accelerated degradation via the ubiquitination pathway.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.70303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T08:18:29Z","timestamp":1783671509000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Silencing Suppressor Protein p26 of Areca Palm Velarivirus 1 (\n                    <scp>APV1<\/scp>\n                    ) Interacts With\n                    <scp>SGS3<\/scp>\n                    and Promotes Its Degradation Via the Ubiquitination Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Xianmei","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication) Hainan University  Sanya China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication) Hainan University  Sanya China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication) Hainan University  Sanya China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongqi","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication) Hainan University  Sanya China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiping","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences Hainan University  Haikou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication) Hainan University  Sanya China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6668-690X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruibai","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication) Hainan University  Sanya China"},{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences Hainan University  Haikou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication) Hainan University  Sanya China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-1406-2_14"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2011.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-05-11-0110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02874"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)00792-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1424489"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-021-07976-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.13192"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01478-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"172","article-title":"Combined Expression of p20 and p23 Proteins From Citrus Tristeza Virus Show Enhanced Local Silencing Suppressor Activity","volume":"55","author":"Costa A. 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