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This study identified\n                    <jats:italic>GmRmd1<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a candidate in Guangxi landrace MSRF (all\u2010stage resistance to PMD) and validated it as a positive PMD resistance regulator. Hypersensitive response (HR) assays confirmed its Toll interleukin\u20101 receptor (TIR), nucleotide\u2010binding site (NBS) and basic secretory protein (BSP) domains are critical for immune responses.\n                    <jats:italic>GmRmd1<\/jats:italic>\n                    was induced by\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>M. diffusa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , and its expression was inhibited by\n                    <jats:italic>GmWRKY27<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>GmERF138<\/jats:italic>\n                    specifically binding to the W\u2010box and GCC\u2010box elements of the\n                    <jats:italic>GmRmd1<\/jats:italic>\n                    promoter, respectively. RNA\u2010Seq revealed that chromosome 16 (chr16) resistance cluster genes (\n                    <jats:italic>Glyma.16G214100<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Glyma.16G214200<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Glyma.16G215100<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Glyma.16G215800<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) showed\n                    <jats:italic>GmRmd1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010related expression patterns. Yeast two\u2010hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and luciferase assays demonstrated GmRmd1 interacts not only with itself, but also with GmRmd2 (Glyma.16G215100), GmRmd3 (Glyma.16G214900) and GmRnl1 (NLR cofactor). In addition, mutants of\n                    <jats:italic>GmRmd3<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>GmRnl1<\/jats:italic>\n                    are more susceptible to\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>M. diffusa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Notably, GmRmd1 enhances the resistance of PMD by interacting with GmPER1 (lignin synthesis\u2010related) and increasing the synthesis of lignin. Genomic analysis indicated that the number of soybean accessions carrying the\n                    <jats:italic>GmRmd1<\/jats:italic>\n                    locus gradually decreases from north to south and from west to east in China. Taken together, GmRmd1 forms functional protein complexes with GmRmd2, GmRmd3, and GmRnl1 to regulate lignin biosynthesis and thereby modulate disease resistance. These insights provide novel perspectives into the molecular mechanisms of\n                    <jats:italic>GmRmd1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010mediated resistance to soybean PMD.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.70330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T05:22:49Z","timestamp":1787980969000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transcriptional and Functional Insights Into the All\u2010Stage Resistance Gene\n                    <i>GmRmd1<\/i>\n                    \u2010Mediated Regulation of Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Soybean"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9835-5670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture South 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South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4570-3873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiacan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"South China Institute for Soybean Innovation Research South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou 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