{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T17:07:54Z","timestamp":1762276074267,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]],"date-time":"2015-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Vet Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A correlation between parity rates and an index of adult numbers of\n                    <jats:italic>Simulium damnosum s.l.<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Diptera: Simuliidae) indicates an association, but does not prove causality or show the direction of any causal relationship. The question of whether adult numbers affect parity rates or\n                    <jats:italic>vice versa<\/jats:italic>\n                    is reminiscent of the age\u2010old query of which of the chicken and the egg came first. A method for resolving such issues based on analyses of pairs of time series was proposed by Granger in 1969. When Granger's method was applied to monthly numbers of adult female\n                    <jats:italic>S. damnosum s.l.<\/jats:italic>\n                    caught attempting to bite humans at Asubende, Ghana, and their parity rates, a significant relationship (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.005) emerged, clearly showing that parity rates were dependent on adult numbers. Implications of this inverse density dependence and the results of analyses of other similar time series are presented and discussed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]],"date-time":"2015-10-19T03:00:54Z","timestamp":1445223654000},"page":"85-88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Inverse density dependence of parity rates in the onchocerciasis vector\n                    <i>Simulium damnosum s.l.<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"R. A.","family":"CHEKE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture, Health and Environment Department Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich at Medway  Chatham Maritime U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"YOUNG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture, Health and Environment Department Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich at Medway  Chatham Maritime U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"GARMS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Parasitology Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0559"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/174792a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_1","first-page":"358","article-title":"Quantitative studies on the transmission of Onchocerca volvulus by Simulium damnosum in the Bong Range, Liberia","volume":"24","author":"Garms R.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1912791"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3565384"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742758400005294"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Contribution \u00e0 l'\u00e9tude biologique et \u00e9cologique de Simulium damnosum Theobald, 1903 (Diptera, Simuliidae)","volume":"17","author":"Le Berre R.","year":"1966","journal-title":"M\u00e9moires ORSTOM"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300026705"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1958.11685863"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u00c9tude de la transmission d'Onchocerca volvulus (Leuckart, 1893) (Nematoda, Onchocercidae) par Simulium damnosum Theobald, 1903 (Diptera: Simuliidae) en Afrique tropicale","volume":"63","author":"Philippon B.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Travaux et Documents de l'ORSTOM"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00133522"},{"volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2008","author":"R Development Core Team","key":"e_1_2_3_13_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(78)90039-1"}],"container-title":["Medical and Veterinary Entomology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fmve.12145","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mve.12145","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T17:03:21Z","timestamp":1762275801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mve.12145"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mve.12145"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mve.12145","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-283X","1365-2915"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0269-283X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1365-2915"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-02-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-05-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-10-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}