{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:59:20Z","timestamp":1788350360059,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]],"date-time":"2016-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Vet Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that house flies may be capable of specifically harbouring ingested\n \n V<\/jats:styled-content>\n ibrio cholerae\n <\/jats:italic>\n in their digestive tracts. Flies were continuously fed green fluorescent protein (\n GFP<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\u2010labelled, non\u2010\n O1<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/non\u2010\n O139<\/jats:styled-content>\n environmental strains of\n \n V<\/jats:styled-content>\n . cholerae\n <\/jats:italic>\n . Bacterial burdens were quantitatively measured using plate counts and localization was directly observed using confocal microscopy.\n \n V<\/jats:styled-content>\n ibrio cholerae\n <\/jats:italic>\n were present in the fly alimentary canal after just 4 h, and reached a plateau of \u223c10\n 7<\/jats:sup>\n colony\u2010forming units (\n CFU<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\/fly after 5 days in those flies most tolerant of the pathogen. However, individual flies were resistant to the pathogen: one or more flies were found to carry < 180\n \n V<\/jats:styled-content>\n . cholerae\n <\/jats:italic>\n CFU<\/jats:styled-content>\n at each time\u2010point examined. In flies carrying\n \n V<\/jats:styled-content>\n . cholerae\n <\/jats:italic>\n , the pathogen was predominantly localized to the midgut rather than the rectal space or crop. The proportion of house flies carrying\n \n V<\/jats:styled-content>\n . cholerae\n <\/jats:italic>\n in the midgut was dose\u2010dependent: the continuous ingestion of a concentrated, freshly prepared dose of\n \n V<\/jats:styled-content>\n . cholerae\n <\/jats:italic>\n increased the likelihood that fluorescent cells would be observed. However,\n \n V<\/jats:styled-content>\n . cholerae\n <\/jats:italic>\n may be a transient inhabitant of the house fly. This work represents the first demonstration that\n \n V<\/jats:styled-content>\n . cholerae\n <\/jats:italic>\n can inhabit the house fly midgut, and provides a platform for future studies of host, pathogen and environmental mediators of the successful colonization of this disease vector.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]],"date-time":"2016-07-22T04:22:19Z","timestamp":1469161339000},"page":"392-402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["\n V<\/scp>\n ibrio cholerae\n <\/i>\n laboratory infection of the adult house fly\n \n M<\/scp>\n usca domestica\n <\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"G. 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