{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:56:23Z","timestamp":1789710983425,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture Southern Region Integrated Pest Management Program","award":["LA-ENY 2009-34103-19907"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA-ENY 2009-34103-19907"]}]},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture Southern Region Integrated Pest Management Program","award":["2009-41530-05595"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009-41530-05595"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Vet Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Rhipicephalus sanguineus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Latreille) (Ixodida: Ixodidae) is a three\u2010host dog tick found worldwide that is able to complete its' entire lifecycle indoors. Options for the management of\n                    <jats:italic>R. sanguineus<\/jats:italic>\n                    are limited and its' control relies largely on only a few acaricidal active ingredients. Previous studies have confirmed permethrin resistance and fipronil tolerance in\n                    <jats:italic>R. sanguineus<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations, commonly conferred by metabolic detoxification or target site mutations. Herein, five strains of permethrin\u2010resistant and three strains of fipronil\u2010tolerant ticks were evaluated for metabolic resistance using synergists to block metabolic enzymes. Synergist studies were completed with triphenyl phosphate (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TPP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) for esterase inhibition, piperonyl butoxide (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) for cytochrome\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P450<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    inhibition, and diethyl maleate (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) for glutathione\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010transferase inhibition. Additionally, increased esterase activity was confirmed using gel electrophoresis. The most important metabolic detoxification mechanism in permethrin\u2010resistant ticks was increased esterase activity, followed by increased cytochrome\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P450<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    activity. The inhibition of metabolic enzymes did not have a marked impact on fipronil\u2010tolerant tick strains.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]],"date-time":"2017-06-22T07:42:38Z","timestamp":1498117358000},"page":"243-251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Determination of metabolic resistance mechanisms in pyrethroid\u2010resistant and fipronil\u2010tolerant brown dog ticks"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"A. L.","family":"EIDEN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Nematology University of Florida  Gainesville FL U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. E.","family":"KAUFMAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Nematology University of Florida  Gainesville FL U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. M.","family":"OI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Nematology University of Florida  Gainesville FL U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"DARK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville FL U.S.A."},{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Institute University of Florida  Gainesville FL U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. R.","family":"BLOOMQUIST","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Nematology University of Florida  Gainesville FL U.S.A."},{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Institute University of Florida  Gainesville FL U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. J.","family":"MILLER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture\u2013Agricultural Research Service Cattle Tick Research Laboratory  Edinburg TX U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"207","article-title":"Efficacy of acaricides for control of four tick species of agricultural and public health significance in the United States","volume":"20","author":"Burridge M.J.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.2780080605"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-26"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050043"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.523"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjv005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4165"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Repellency and efficacy of 65% permethrin and 9.7% fipronil against Ixodes ricinus","volume":"1","author":"Endris R.G.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Veterinary Therapeutics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency(2017)Guidance on efficacy testing for pesticides targeting certain invertebrate pests.https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/pesticide\u2010registration\/guidance\u2010efficacy\u2010testing\u2010pesticides\u2010targeting\u2010certain\u2010invertebrate\u2010pests[accessed on 17 January 2017]."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"An appraisal of the resistance status against acaricides by the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus","volume":"156","author":"Estrada\u2010Pe\u00f1a A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Revue de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","volume-title":"Resistance Management and Integrated Parasite Control in Ruminants. 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