{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T06:12:20Z","timestamp":1785564740785,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]],"date-time":"2018-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["183614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["183614"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Vet Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Culex quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      Say (Diptera: Culicidae)\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , an important vector of West Nile virus (WNV) in the U.S.A., was first detected on the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands (Ecuador) in the 1980s. However, little is known of its ecology, distribution or capacity for arbovirus transmission in the Gal\u00e1pagos. We characterize details of lifecycle (including gonotrophic period), temporal abundance, spatial distribution, vector competence and host\u2010feeding behaviour.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Culex quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    was detected on five islands of the Gal\u00e1pagos during 2006\u20132011. A period of 7\u201314 days was required for egg\u2013adult emergence; water salinity above 5 ppt was demonstrated to hinder larval development. Blood\u2010meal analysis indicated feeding on reptiles, birds and mammals. Assessment of WNV vector competency of Gal\u00e1pagos\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    showed a median infectious dose of 7.41 log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    plaque\u2010forming units per millilitre and evidence of vertical transmission (minimal filial infection rate of 3.7 per 1000 progeny). The distribution of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    across the archipelago could be limited by salt intolerance, and its abundance constrained by high temperatures. Feeding behaviour indicates potential to act as a bridge vector for transmission of pathogens across multiple taxa. Vertical transmission is a potential persistence mechanism for WNV on Gal\u00e1pagos. Together, our results can be used for epidemiological assessments of WNV and target vector control, should this pathogen reach the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]],"date-time":"2018-08-31T03:46:13Z","timestamp":1535687173000},"page":"44-55","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The vector ecology of introduced\n                    <i>Culex quinquefasciatus<\/i>\n                    populations, and implications for future risk of West Nile virus emergence in the Gal\u00e1pagos archipelago"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9683-0353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Eastwood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology University of Leeds  Leeds U.K."},{"name":"Wildlife Epidemiology, Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London  London U.K."},{"name":"Gal\u00e1pagos Genetics Epidemiology and Pathology Laboratory  Santa Cruz Ecuador"},{"name":"New York State Department of Health Wadsworth Center  New York NY U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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