{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:32:52Z","timestamp":1791995572708,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000867","name":"Commonwealth Scholarship Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000867","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000848","name":"University of Edinburgh","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Vet Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The interactions of host, vector and parasite in bovine trypanosomiasis transmission cycles in southwest Nigeria are not yet well understood.\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae) species infection prevalences and bloodmeal sources were determined in transmitting vectors of the genera\n                    <jats:italic>Glossina<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Diptera: Glossinidae),\n                    <jats:italic>Tabanus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Diptera: Tabanidae) and\n                    <jats:italic>Stomoxys<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Diptera: Muscidae) collected using Nzi traps in cattle settlements in southwest Nigeria. Sequenced cytochrome B mitochondrial DNA segments obtained from vector digestive tracts identified bloodmeal sources from eight host species, namely human, cattle, hippopotamus, giraffe, gazelle, spotted hyena, long\u2010tailed rat and one unidentified species. Overall, 71.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 63.0\u201378.1], 33.3% (95% CI 21.9\u201347.0) and 22.2% (95% CI 16.2\u201329.9), respectively, of\n                    <jats:italic>Glossina<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Tabanus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Stomoxys<\/jats:italic>\n                    flies were positive for trypanosomes. The observed trypanosome species were\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma congolense<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma brucei<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma evansi<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma simiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma godfreyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Trypanosome DNA was more prevalent in tsetse (34.8%\n                    <jats:italic>Tr.\u00a0vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 51.1%\n                    <jats:italic>Tr.\u00a0b. brucei<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 5.2%\n                    <jats:italic>Tr.\u00a0congolense<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 4.4%\n                    <jats:italic>Tr.\u00a0simiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 24.4% mixed infections) than in other flies and the main determinants in all flies were seasonal factors and host availability. To the best of the present group's knowledge, this is the first report of\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    species in\n                    <jats:italic>Tabanus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Stomoxys<\/jats:italic>\n                    flies in Nigeria. It indicates that vector control programmes should always consider biting flies along with tsetse flies in the control of human and animal trypanosomiasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T07:27:49Z","timestamp":1549524469000},"page":"269-281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Molecular identification of bloodmeal sources and trypanosomes in\n                    <i>Glossina<\/i>\n                    spp.,\n                    <i>Tabanus<\/i>\n                    spp. and\n                    <i>Stomoxys<\/i>\n                    spp. trapped on cattle farm settlements in southwest Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"P. O.","family":"Odeniran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Ibadan  Ibadan Nigeria"},{"name":"Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. T.","family":"Macleod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. O.","family":"Ademola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Ibadan  Ibadan Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. C.","family":"Welburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh U.K."},{"name":"Zhejiang University\u2013University of Edinburgh Joint Institute Zhejiang University  Haining China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Epidemiology of trypanosomiasis in derived savannah of Nigeria","volume":"11","author":"Abubakar A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0328-03812004000400004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"Species diversity, abundance and seasonal occurrence of some biting flies in southern Kaduna, Nigeria","volume":"8","author":"Ahmed A.B.","year":"2005","journal-title":"African Journal of Biomedical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003705"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5877(91)90011-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001828"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"280","article-title":"Trypanosomes of wild mammals in an area northwest of the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania","volume":"18","author":"Baker J.R.","year":"1967","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300057266"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"183","article-title":"Successful application of deltamethrin pour on to cattle in a campaign against tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) in the pastoral zone of Samorogouan, Burkina Faso","volume":"46","author":"Bauer B.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201300060"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v71i4.250"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-9292-3-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"379","article-title":"The impact of nagana","volume":"61","author":"Connor R.J.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2005.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-10-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4894(03)00067-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Studies on the incidence, distribution and prevalence of flies of veterinary importance in Nigeria","volume":"25","author":"Dipeolu O.O.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2013.02.003"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_7_23_1.1","unstructured":"Fabusoro E.(2007)Key issues in livelihood"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_7_23_1.2","unstructured":"security of migrant Fulani pastoralists: empirical evidence from Southwest Nigeria.AEGIS European Conference on African Studies 11-14 July 2007 Africa Studies Centre Leiden."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO)(2008)A field guide for the diagnosis treatment and prevention of African animal trypanosomosis. 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