{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T17:07:55Z","timestamp":1762276075294,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]],"date-time":"2019-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015821","name":"Department of Ecosystem Science and Management","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015821","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"College of Agriculture and Natural Resources at the University of Wyoming"},{"name":"Department of Agriculture through a National Institute of Food and Agriculture McIntire Stennis Projects"},{"name":"Beef Unit of the Laramie Research and Extension Center"},{"name":"Wyoming Rangelands","award":["WYO-559-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WYO-559-15"]}]},{"name":"University of Wyoming Extension Implementation Program for Crop Protection and Pest Management"},{"name":"Extension Implementation Program","award":["2017-70006-27281"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-70006-27281"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Vet Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The horn fly\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Haematobia irritans<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Diptera: Muscidae\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) is a blood obligate ectoparasite of bovids that causes annual losses to the U.S. beef cattle industry of over US$1.75\u00a0billion. Climate warming, the anthropogenic dispersion of bovids and the cross\u2010breeding of beef cattle with other bovid species may facilitate novel horn fly\u2013host interactions. In particular, hybridizing yaks [\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Bos grunniens<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Artiodactyla: Bovidae\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    )] with beef cows (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Bos taurus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) for heterosis and carcass improvements may increase the exposure of yak\u2009\u00d7\u2009beef hybrids to horn flies. The present paper reports on the collection of digital images of commingled beef heifers (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a012) and F1 yak\u2009\u00d7\u2009beef hybrid bovids (heifers,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a07; steers,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a05) near Laramie, Wyoming (\u223c\u20092200\u2009m a.s.l.) in 2018. The total numbers of horn flies on beef heifers and F1 yak\u2009\u00d7\u2009beef heifers [mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard error (SE): 88\u2009\u00b1\u200913 and 70\u2009\u00b1\u200917, respectively] did not differ significantly; however, F1 yak\u2009\u00d7\u2009beef steers had greater total horn fly abundance (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SE: 159\u2009\u00b1\u200939) than female bovids. The present report of this experiment is the first such report in the literature and suggests that F1 yak\u2009\u00d7\u2009beef bovids are as susceptible as cattle to horn fly parasitism. Therefore, similar monitoring and treatment practices should be adopted by veterinarians, entomologists and producers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]],"date-time":"2019-05-20T04:33:31Z","timestamp":1558326811000},"page":"546-551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<i>Haematobia irritans<\/i>\n                    parasitism of F1 yak\u2009\u00d7\u2009beef cattle (\n                    <i>Bos grunniens<\/i>\n                    \u00a0\u00d7\u2009\n                    <i>Bos taurus<\/i>\n                    ) hybrids"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"C. M.","family":"Calkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Veterinary Corps Fort Sam  Houston TX U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Ecosystem Science and Management University of Wyoming  Laramie WY U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9925-7492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. D.","family":"Scasta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecosystem Science and Management University of Wyoming  Laramie WY U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beef Unit, Agriculture Experiment Station University of Wyoming  Laramie WY U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. M.","family":"Stayton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology University of Wyoming  Laramie WY U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. L.","family":"Lake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science University of Wyoming  Laramie WY U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.41.9.696"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vetreccr-2018-000618"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2014.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"957","article-title":"Indigenous yak and yak\u2013cattle crossbreed management in high altitude areas of northern Nepal: a case study from Rasuwa district","volume":"4","author":"Dong S.K.","year":"2009","journal-title":"African Journal of Agricultural Research"},{"volume-title":"Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching","year":"1999","author":"Federation of Animal Science Societies","key":"e_1_2_6_6_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2000.00235.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2007.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Differences between horn fly densities on cattle pastured in Wyoming and Nebraska as possibly influenced by elevation","volume":"24","author":"Kaufman P.E.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Southwestern Entomologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2006.00634.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2008.00733.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Incidence of ixodid ticks infesting on yak (Poephagus grunniens L.) and its hybrid in Arunchal Pradesh and Sikkim","volume":"78","author":"Saravanan B.C.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Animal Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Livestock parasite management on high\u2010elevation rangelands: ecological interactions of climate, habitat, and wildlife","volume":"6","author":"Scasta J.D.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Integrated Pest Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/nvw171"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjw144"},{"volume-title":"The Yak","year":"2003","author":"Wiener G.","key":"e_1_2_6_16_1"}],"container-title":["Medical and Veterinary Entomology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fmve.12382","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mve.12382","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/mve.12382","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mve.12382","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T17:03:23Z","timestamp":1762275803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mve.12382"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mve.12382"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mve.12382","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-283X","1365-2915"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0269-283X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1365-2915"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-01-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-04-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-05-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}