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There are serious implications that Kosovo is a visceral leishmaniasis endemic region with autochthonous transmission; nevertheless, surveillance of vectors, reservoirs or the disease is not yet established. Gaining knowledge about sandfly vector species is a prerequisite for the development of a monitoring and control plan in the future. After a long gap in research of over 70\u2009years, sandfly studies in Kosovo were resumed in 2014. During this presence\/absence study, nine sandfly species were detected:\n                    <jats:italic>Phlebotomus papatasi<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Ph. perfiliewi<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Ph. tobbi<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Ph. neglectus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Ph. simici<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Ph. balcanicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Ph. alexandri<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Ph. mascittii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Sergentomyia minuta<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Three species are new with regard to the fauna of Kosovo\u00a0\u2013\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>Ph. alexandri<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Ph. balcanicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Ph. mascittii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Besides increased diversity, changes in the number of collected specimens and distribution range of species were recorded, with\n                    <jats:italic>Ph. neglectus<\/jats:italic>\n                    being the most dominant species with the widest distribution. Testing of randomly chosen females for\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. DNA resulted the in detection of\n                    <jats:italic>L. tropica<\/jats:italic>\n                    in a specimen of\n                    <jats:italic>Ph. neglectus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The presence of numerous vector species in the sandfly fauna of Kosovo pose a threat for the re\u2010emergence of vector\u2010borne diseases. Therefore, continuous surveillance is recommended with regular updates on vector distribution and abundance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]],"date-time":"2020-05-21T18:26:00Z","timestamp":1590085560000},"page":"394-401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Sandfly surveillance and investigation of\n                    <i>Leishmania<\/i>\n                    spp.\n                    <scp>DNA<\/scp>\n                    in sandflies in Kosovo"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9105-7138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Vaselek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Medical Entomology, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture University of Novi Sad  Novi Sad Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Oguz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VERG Laboratory, Ecology Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Hacettepe University  Beytepe Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Ayhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection)  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8335-1997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y.","family":"Ozbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Ege University  Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Kadriaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Control of Infectious Diseases Department Institute of Public Health  Tirana Albania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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