{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T15:35:35Z","timestamp":1782315335425,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Vet Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Dermacentor reticulatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Fabricius 1794) is one of the most widely distributed and abundant tick species in central Europe and is a vector for a range of pathogens. Nevertheless, many aspects of its ecology and distribution remain poorly understood. To quantify the seasonal abundance of this species in the U.K. and the environmental factors that determine this, weekly sampling at sites throughout Wales and southern England was undertaken for 12\u2009months. This showed that the activity of adult\n                    <jats:italic>D. reticulatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    peaked February and March and that no individuals were collected between May and mid\u2010October; no questing tick activity was observed when the 5\u2010day average temperature was greater than 15\u2009\u00b0C. A single nymph was collected by dragging, confirming speculation over the nidicolous status of larval and nymphal stadia. Laboratory analysis found that\n                    <jats:italic>D. reticulatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    were able survive cold shock and the lower lethal temperature was estimated to be between \u221218 and \u221220\u2009\u00b0C. Habitat was significantly associated with tick activity, with higher numbers of ticks collected from low lying vegetation in marsh environments than from exposed grassland or woodland. A strong association was observed between activity and saturation deficit suggesting that the seasonal pattern of activity seen in the field, within the sites where it was abundant, is more strongly determined by temperature than humidity. Range expansion within the U.K. should be expected, bringing with it an elevated disease risk for animal and human hosts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T07:32:43Z","timestamp":1620113563000},"page":"434-441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Climate and the seasonal abundance of the tick\n                    <i>Dermacentor reticulatus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"B. O.","family":"Sands","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol  Bristol U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. E.","family":"Bryer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol  Bristol U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Wall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol  Bristol U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1673-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-020-00568-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"340","article-title":"Abundance and seasonal activity of adult Dermacentor reticulatus (Acari: Amblyommidae) in eastern Poland in relation to meteorological conditions and the photoperiod","volume":"18","author":"Bartosik K.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-014-9836-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5604\/12321966.1230736"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Survival of unfed Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabr.) adults under natural conditions","volume":"28","author":"Cerny V.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Wiadomo\u015bci Parazytologiczne"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2006.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.578220"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-63760-0","volume-title":"Ticks of Europe and North Africa: A Guide to Species Identification","author":"Estrada\u2010Pe\u00f1a A.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2013.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1599-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/593232"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-011118-111932"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.i1690"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Host\u2010seeking activity of ixodid ticks in relation to weather variables","volume":"28","author":"Hub\u00e1lek Z.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Vector Ecology: Journal of the Society for Vector Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.1690"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0079"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"The occurrence of the Dermacentor reticulatus tick\u2010its expansion to new areas and possible causes","volume":"60","author":"Karbowiak G.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000013093"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000015006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2178-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01246093"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.d2186"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12235"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15102145"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020671700806"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-015-9889-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"The ecology and public health importance of Dermacentor marginatus and D. reticulatus ticks in Central Europe","volume":"19","author":"Nosek J.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Folia Parasitologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2017.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360000209"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","unstructured":"R Core Team(2019)R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. 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