{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:41:13Z","timestamp":1792024873970,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006514","name":"Federaal Agentschap Voor de Veiligheid Van de Voedselketen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006514","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002749","name":"Belgian Federal Science Policy Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SD\/BD\/04B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SD\/BD\/04B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002749","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002749","name":"Belgian Federal Science Policy Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SD\/BD\/04A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SD\/BD\/04A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002749","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Vet Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The present study aimed at identifying the members of the\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles maculipennis<\/jats:italic>\n                    complex (Diptera: Culicidae) occurring in Belgium. Therefore, the second internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS2) and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) loci were sequenced in 175 and 111 specimens, respectively, collected between 2007 and 2019. In parallel, the suitability of two species\u2010diagnostic PCR\u2010RFLP assays was tested. The identified specimens included:\n                    <jats:italic>An. maculipennis<\/jats:italic>\n                    s.s. (N\u00a0=\u00a0105),\n                    <jats:italic>An. daciae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (N\u00a0=\u00a062),\n                    <jats:italic>An. atroparvus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (N\u00a0=\u00a06) and\n                    <jats:italic>An. messeae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (N\u00a0=\u00a02). Each species was characterized by unique ITS2 haplotypes, whereas COI only supported the monophyly of\n                    <jats:italic>An. atroparvus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a historical malaria vector in Belgium. Species identification results were further supported by unique PCR\u2010RFLP banding patterns. We report for the first time\n                    <jats:italic>An. daciae<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Belgium, where it was found to co\u2010occur with\n                    <jats:italic>An. maculipennis<\/jats:italic>\n                    s.s. The latter was the most prevalent in the collection studied (60%) and appears to have the widest distribution in Belgium\n                    <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    As in other studies,\n                    <jats:italic>An. daciae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>An. messeae<\/jats:italic>\n                    appeared the most closely related species, up to the point that their species status remains debatable, while their ecological differences, including vector competences, need further study.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T02:15:53Z","timestamp":1620267353000},"page":"442-450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["<scp>DNA<\/scp>\n                    identification of species of the\n                    <i>Anopheles maculipennis<\/i>\n                    complex and first record of\n                    <i>An. daciae<\/i>\n                    in Belgium"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5155-0801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Smitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Museum for Central Africa (BopCo &amp; Biology Department)  Tervuren Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9255-913X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"De Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Tropical Medicine  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Gheysen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Museum for Central Africa (BopCo &amp; Biology Department)  Tervuren Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7268-8965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.","family":"Deblauwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Tropical Medicine  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7304-2493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Vanslembrouck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Tropical Medicine  Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (BopCo &amp; Scientific Heritage Service)  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0270-5560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Meganck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Museum for Central Africa (BopCo &amp; Biology Department)  Tervuren Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"De Witte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Tropical Medicine  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Tropical Medicine  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Verl\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Tropical Medicine  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7065-7310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W.","family":"Dekoninck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (BopCo &amp; Scientific Heritage Service)  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3450-1375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Gombeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (BopCo &amp; Scientific Heritage Service)  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2823-0855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Vanderheyden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (BopCo &amp; Scientific Heritage Service)  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0755-2898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"De Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Museum for Central Africa (BopCo &amp; Biology Department)  Tervuren Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9057-9727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Backeljau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (BopCo &amp; Scientific Heritage Service)  Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Evolutionary Ecology Group University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3909-3876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Tropical Medicine  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6644-518X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W.","family":"Van Bortel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Tropical Medicine  Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"Outbreak Research Team Institute of Tropical Medicine  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-11623-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/45.3.337"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5670-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvec.12180"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2011.03108.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1034-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(97)00081-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/43.3.574"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-9994-7-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.1996.tb00034.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"Copernicus(2021)CORINE Land Cover\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Copernicus Land Monitoring Service.https:\/\/land.copernicus.eu\/pan\u2010european\/corine\u2010land\u2010cover[accessed on 26 February 2021]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12431"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/AVB0806603D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4575-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deblauwe I. De Wolf K. Smitz N. et al. (2020)Monitoring of Exotic Mosquitoes in Belgium (MEMO): Final report phase 7 part 1: MEMO results Antwerp Belgium.","DOI":"10.46471\/gigabyte.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-41.4.582"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control(2017)Multiple reports of locally\u2010acquired malaria infections in the EU. Stockholm.https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/portal\/files\/documents\/RRA\u2010Malaria\u2010EU\u2010revised\u2010September\u20102017_0.pdf[accessed on 18 June 2020]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"361","article-title":"Isolation in Portugal of West Nile virus from Anopheles maculipennis mosquitoes","volume":"16","author":"Filipe A.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Acta Virologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"Gunay F. Picard M.&Robert V.(2018)MosKeyTool an interactive identification key for mosquitoes of Euro\u2010Mediterranean.http:\/\/medilabsecure.com\/moskeytool[accessed on 5 August 2020]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/54695"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103450"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","volume-title":"International Code of Zoological Nomenclature","author":"ICZN","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","volume-title":"Anophelism without Malaria in Europe: a Review of the Ecology and Distribution of the Genus anopheles in Europe","author":"Jetten T.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00037-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0483"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-6028-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/16.2.169"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12436"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1996.11813087"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"New occurrence records for Anopheles maculipennis and An. messeae in northern Greece based on DNA sequence data","volume":"11","author":"Linton Y.\u2010M.","year":"2001","journal-title":"European Mosquito Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Molecular confirmation of sympatric populations of Anopheles messeae and Anopheles atroparvus overwintering in Kent, Southeast England","volume":"13","author":"Linton Y.\u2010M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"European Mosquito Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Discovery of a third member of the Maculipennis group in SW England","volume":"19","author":"Linton Y.\u2010M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Mosquito Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12161"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","volume-title":"Biodiversit\u00e9 du Paludisme Dans le Monde","author":"Mouchet J.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BER2004330"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","volume-title":"Coastal Wetlands: an Integrated Ecosystem Approach","author":"Perillo G.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2004.00368.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050642"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Recherches sur l'anoph\u00e9lisme en Belgique","volume":"22","author":"Rodhain J.","year":"1942","journal-title":"Annales de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Belge de M\u00e9decine Tropicale"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","volume-title":"RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio","author":"RStudioTeam","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvec.12257"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BER2003272"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","first-page":"78","article-title":"The disappearance of malaria in The Netherlands","volume":"23","author":"Seventer H.A.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Tijdschrift voor Ziekenverpleging"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-120811-153618"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1579\/0044-7447-31.3.212"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","unstructured":"Tao N. Richardson R. Bruno W. et al. (2016)FindModel.http:\/\/hiv.lanl.gov\/content\/sequence\/findmodel\/findmodel.html[accessed on 18 February 2021]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485312000521"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12318"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epp.12031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-012-3102-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02123845"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","unstructured":"WHO(2008)Mosquitoes of the genusAnophelesin countries of the WHO European Region having faced a recent resurgence of malaria: Regional research project 2003\u20132007. Denmark.https:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0006\/98763\/E92010.pdf[accessed on 03 July 2020]."}],"container-title":["Medical and Veterinary Entomology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mve.12519","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/mve.12519","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/mve.12519","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T15:26:11Z","timestamp":1762269971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mve.12519"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/mve.12519"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mve.12519","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-283X","1365-2915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-283X","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-01-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}