{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T16:13:08Z","timestamp":1762272788632,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]],"date-time":"2021-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Vet Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In Madagascar, the high West Nile virus (WNV) antibody prevalence reported in horse populations suggests a high level of vector\u2010horse contact. This study aims to characterize the mosquito species usually involved in WNV transmission in horse stables in Madagascar. Five horse stables were investigated in October and November 2016 in five distinct inland areas. Mosquitoes were collected using double net traps baited with human, poultry or horse as well as light traps. Blood meal identification from engorged females was performed using host\u2010specific PCRs. A total of 2898 adult mosquitoes were collected with\n                    <jats:italic>Culex<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Culex<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\n                    <jats:italic>antennatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Becker) (40.7%), and\n                    <jats:italic>Cx.<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Cux.<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\n                    <jats:italic>quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Say (14.9%), being the most abundant species. The mosquito abundance varied between horse stables (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and depending on the bait used in the double net traps (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.003). Among the 190 tested blood meals, 119 consisted of single blood meals with 85 from horse, 17 from human, 16 from chicken, one from cattle and 71 consisted of mixed blood meals. The mosquito species collected during this study exhibited a generalist feeding behaviour allowing them to act as bridge vectors between different vertebrate hosts involved in WNV transmission cycle. Their vector status with regard to West Nile fever epidemiology is reviewed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]],"date-time":"2021-08-24T09:49:54Z","timestamp":1629798594000},"page":"1-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mosquito species associated with horses in\n                    <scp>Madagascar<\/scp>\n                    : a review of their vector status with regard to the epidemiology of\n                    <scp>West Nile<\/scp>\n                    fever"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4658-6372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. L.","family":"Tantely","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar  Antananarivo Madagascar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Guis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR ASTRE, CIRAD  Antananarivo Madagascar"},{"name":"Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar  Antananarivo Madagascar"},{"name":"UMR ASTRE, CIRAD  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Randriananjantenaina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar  Antananarivo Madagascar"},{"name":"Department of Entomology, Faculty of Sciences University of Antananarivo  Antananarivo Madagascar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. R.","family":"Raharinirina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar  Antananarivo Madagascar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. J.","family":"Velonirina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar  Antananarivo Madagascar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Cardinale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR ASTRE, CIRAD  Montpellier France"},{"name":"UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, Sainte\u2010Clotilde  La R\u00e9union France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Raveloarijaona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR ASTRE, CIRAD  Antananarivo Madagascar"},{"name":"Direction of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries  Antananarivo Madagascar"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medecine, Faculty of Medicine University of Antananarivo  Antananarivo Madagascar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"C\u00eatre\u2010Sossah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR ASTRE, CIRAD  Montpellier France"},{"name":"UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, Sainte\u2010Clotilde  La R\u00e9union France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Garros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR ASTRE, CIRAD  Montpellier France"},{"name":"UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, Sainte\u2010Clotilde  La R\u00e9union France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Girod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar  Antananarivo Madagascar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-3879-8","article-title":"Global evaluation of taxonomic relationships and admixture within the Culex pipiens complex of mosquitoes","volume":"13","author":"Aardema M.L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasites and Vectors"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Adam F.&Digoutte J.P.(2005)Virus d'Afrique (Base de Donn\u00e9es). Centre Collaborateur OMS de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence et de Recherche pour les Arbovirus et les Virus de Fi\u00e8vres H\u00e9morrhagiques (CRORA). Institut Pasteur de Dakar: Dakar Senegal.http:\/\/www.pasteur.fr\/recherche\/banques\/CRORA\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS13607J","article-title":"Identification of the heme compound copurified with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from bloodstains, a major inhibitor of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification","volume":"39","author":"Akane A.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Forensic Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"283","article-title":"Comportement trophique des vecteurs du virus de la fi\u00e8vre de la vall\u00e9e du Rift au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal: implications dans l'\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie de la maladie","volume":"99","author":"Ba Y.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Pathologie Exotique"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"Balenghien T.(2006)De l'identification des vecteurs du virus West Nile \u00e0 la mod\u00e9lisation du risque d'infection dans le sud de la France. PhD Thesis. 2006 University of Grenoble."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.48.757","article-title":"Vertical transmission of West Nile virus by Culex and Aedes species mosquitoes","volume":"48","author":"Baqar S.","year":"1993","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0300-9475.2004.01440.x","article-title":"Utility of the housekeeping genes 18S rRNA, b\u2010Actin and glyceraldehyde\u20103\u2010phosphate\u2010dehydrogenase for normalization in real\u2010time quantitative reverse transcriptase\u2010polymerase chain reaction analysis of gene expression in human T lymphocytes","volume":"59","author":"Bas A.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/24.1.28","article-title":"Host\u2010feeding patterns of the mosquito community (Diptera: Culicidae) in two Fayium governorate villages, Egypt","volume":"24","author":"Beier J.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Entomology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/30.6.975","article-title":"Multiple blood meals as a reproductive strategy in anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"30","author":"Briegel H.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Entomology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 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