{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T13:38:15Z","timestamp":1792503495700,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Vet Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The density of\n                    <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010infected\n                    <jats:italic>Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    nymphs (DIN) was investigated during 2013\u20132017 across a Lyme disease\u2010endemic landscape in southern England. The density of nymphs (DON), nymph infection prevalence (NIP), and DIN varied across five different natural habitats, with the highest DIN in woodland edge and high biodiversity woodlands. DIN was significantly lower in scrub grassland compared to the woodland edge, with low DON and no evidence of infection in ticks in non\u2010scrub grassland. Over the 5\u2009years, DON, NIP and DIN were comparable within habitats, except in 2014, with NIP varying three\u2010fold and DIN significantly lower compared to 2015\u20132017.\n                    <jats:italic>Borrelia garinii<\/jats:italic>\n                    was most common, with bird\u2010associated\n                    <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>garinii\/valaisiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) accounting for ~70% of all typed sequences.\n                    <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    sensu stricto was more common than\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>afzelii<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>Borrelia afzelii<\/jats:italic>\n                    was more common in scrub grassland than woodland and absent in some years. The possible impact of scrub on grazed grassland, management of ecotonal woodland margins with public access, and the possible role of birds\/gamebirds impacting NIP are discussed. Mean NIP was 7.6%, highlighting the potential risk posed by\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    in this endemic area. There is a need for continued research to understand its complex ecology and identify strategies for minimizing risk to public health, through habitat\/game management and public awareness.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T07:31:18Z","timestamp":1651822278000},"page":"356-370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the density of\n                    <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>\n                    \u2010infected\n                    <i>Ixodes ricinus<\/i>\n                    ticks across a landscape: A 5\u2010year study in southern England"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Jolyon M.","family":"Medlock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Entomology &amp; Zoonoses Ecology Group UK Health Security Agency  Salisbury Wiltshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2463-5660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander G. 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