{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:09:43Z","timestamp":1792177783635,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Vet Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Despite the ethical issues concerning the continued use of Human Landing Catches (HLC) to monitor the\n                    <jats:italic>Simulium damnosum<\/jats:italic>\n                    complex for epidemiological monitoring of onchocericasis, few attempts to develop alternatives have been reported. In studies on a wild population of\n                    <jats:italic>S. damnosum<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Burkina Faso, we tested visual targets (different sizes and shapes) and olfactory stimuli (CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and POCA and BG\u2010lure\u00ae odour blends) for their ability to attract and collect host seeking blackflies. At each trap, blackflies were caught with appropriately sized electrocuting grids and results from Latin square design tests were compared. Throughout, HLCs captured more blackflies than the targets. Of the traps tested, small targets (0.0625 and 0.5\u2009m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) were the most efficient visual lure in terms of the number of\n                    <jats:italic>S. damnosum<\/jats:italic>\n                    captured per unit area 1.7\u20135\u00d7 more than larger targets. Overall, results suggested that sticky black targets of horizontal rectangular shape (0.125\u20130.5\u2009m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and baited with a POCA and\/or CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    mixture could provide a cheap practical field alternative to HLC for onchocerciasis xenomonitoring, subject to confirmation that the design has no inherent bias for certain members of the\n                    <jats:italic>S. damnosum<\/jats:italic>\n                    species complex.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T07:34:46Z","timestamp":1658475286000},"page":"235-246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prospects for developing efficient targets for the xenomonitoring and control of\n                    <i>Simulium damnosum<\/i>\n                    s.l., the major vectors of onchocerciasis in Africa"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6868-9516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lassane","family":"Koala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departement Biom\u00e9dicale et Sant\u00e9 Publique Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST)\/Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant\u00e9 (IRSS)\/Direction R\u00e9gionale de l'Ouest  Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inaki","family":"Tirados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector Biology Department Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achille S.","family":"Nikiema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departement Biom\u00e9dicale et Sant\u00e9 Publique Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST)\/Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant\u00e9 (IRSS)\/Direction R\u00e9gionale de l'Ouest  Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector Biology Department Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"McCall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector Biology Department Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roch K.","family":"Dabire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departement Biom\u00e9dicale et Sant\u00e9 Publique Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST)\/Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant\u00e9 (IRSS)\/Direction R\u00e9gionale de l'Ouest  Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.2987\/moco-31-04-384-387.1","article-title":"Comparison of trapping performance between the original BG\u2010sentinel\u00ae trap and BG\u2010sentinel 2\u00ae Trap1","volume":"31","author":"Arimoto H.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"D\u00e9placement des adultes de Simulium damnosum sl aux alentours des g\u00eetes pr\u00e9imaginaux","volume":"22","author":"Bellec C.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cahiers\u2010ORSTOM. 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(2016).Guidelines for stopping mass drug administration and verifying elimination of human onchocerciasis: criteria and procedures (No. WHO\/HTM\/NTD\/PCT\/2016.1). World Health Organization."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2021).Ending the neglect to attain the sustainable development goals. A road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021\u20132030 WHO."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization & Organisation mondiale de la Sant\u00e9. (2019).Elimination of human onchocerciasis: progress report 2019\u20132020\u2013\u00c9limination de l'onchocercose humaine: rapport de situation 2019\u20132020. Weekly Epidemiological Record= Relev\u00e9 \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique hebdomadaire 95.45 pp.545\u2013554."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2015).Guide for decision making and implementation of vector control as alternative treatment strategies for elimination of onchocerciasis (No.WHO\/MG\/15.22). 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