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High frequencies of infection of\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    have been previously reported in\n                    <jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    collected from the Valle du Kou region of Burkina Faso in 2011 and 2014. Here, we re\u2010evaluated the occurrence of\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    in natural samples, collected from Valle du Kou over a 12\u2010year time span, and in addition, expanded sampling to other sites in Burkina Faso. Our results showed that, in contrast to earlier reports,\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    is present at an extremely low prevalence in natural population of\n                    <jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . From 5341 samples analysed, only 29 were positive for\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    by nested PCR representing 0.54% of prevalence. No positive samples were found with regular PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons clustered across supergroup B, with some having similarity to sequences previously found in\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                    from Burkina Faso. However, we cannot discount the possibility that the amplicon positive samples we detected were due to environmental contamination or were false positives. Regardless, the lack of a prominent native infection in\n                    <jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    s.l. is encouraging for applications utilizing\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    transinfected mosquitoes for malaria control.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T06:49:35Z","timestamp":1658731775000},"page":"301-308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Lack of robust evidence for a\n                    <i>Wolbachia<\/i>\n                    infection in\n                    <i>Anopheles gambiae<\/i>\n                    from Burkina Faso"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Simon P.","family":"Sawadogo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Biologie M\u00e9dicale et Sant\u00e9 Publique, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant\u00e9  Bobo\u2010Dioulasso Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier A.","family":"Kabore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Biologie M\u00e9dicale et Sant\u00e9 Publique, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant\u00e9  Bobo\u2010Dioulasso Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezechiel B.","family":"Tibiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Virologie et de Biotechnologies V\u00e9g\u00e9tales, Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA)  Ouagadougou Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Gnankine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Biologie et de Physiologie Animales, Universit\u00e9 Joseph K\u2010Zerbo  Ouagadougou Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Quek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Center for Neglected Tropical Disease Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdoulaye","family":"Diabat\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Biologie M\u00e9dicale et Sant\u00e9 Publique, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant\u00e9  Bobo\u2010Dioulasso Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2332-8247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilary","family":"Ranson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant L.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Center for Neglected Tropical Disease Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roch K.","family":"Dabir\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Biologie M\u00e9dicale et Sant\u00e9 Publique, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant\u00e9  Bobo\u2010Dioulasso Burkina 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