{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:33:28Z","timestamp":1787236408931,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016962","name":"Department of Science and Innovation, South Africa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016962","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Vet Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Abortion rates were assessed among 170, 846 tsetse (154,228\n                    <jats:italic>Glossina pallidipes<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 19,618\n                    <jats:italic>Glossina morsitans morsitans<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) sampled in Zimbabwe in 1988\u20131999. The study produced improved estimates of abortion rates and how these varied with fly age and size and temperatures experienced during pregnancy. An abortion was diagnosed if the uterus was empty and the largest oocyte &lt;0.82 of the expected mature length. Abortion rates for\n                    <jats:italic>G. pallidipes<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>G. m. morsitans<\/jats:italic>\n                    were 0.64% (95% ci: 0.59\u20130.69) and 0.83% (0.62\u20131.10) for trapped flies and 2.03% (1.77\u20132.31) and 1.55% (1.20\u20131.98) for flies from artificial refuges. Abortion rates increased with increasing temperature and decreased with increasing wing length and wing fray. Contrary to laboratory findings, abortion rates did not increase in the oldest flies. Percentages of tsetse with empty uteri, regardless of abortion status, were significantly higher than estimated abortion percentages. For tsetse from traps, 4.01% (95% ci: 3.90\u20134.13) of\n                    <jats:italic>G. pallidipes<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 2.52% (2.14\u20132.95) of\n                    <jats:italic>G. m. morsitans<\/jats:italic>\n                    had empty uteri; for flies from artificial refuges, the percentages were 12.69% (12.07\u201313.34) and 14.90% (13.82\u201316.02), respectively. Abortion losses are small relative to losses at all other stages of life.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T06:37:13Z","timestamp":1683268633000},"page":"600-615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Improved estimates of abortion rates in tsetse (\n                    <i>Glossina<\/i>\n                    spp.)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0346-5260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. W.","family":"Hargrove","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SACEMA University of Stellenbosch  Stellenbosch South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2021.1884"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300054948"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"250","article-title":"Am\u00e9lioration de la m\u00e9thode de d\u00e9termination de l'\u00e2ge physiologique des glossines. \u00c9tudes faites sur Glossina palpalis palpalis Vanderplank, 1949","volume":"58","author":"Challier A.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie Exotique"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(74)90143-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1989.tb00478.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/een.12333"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.202000049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3274-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1988.tb00184.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300053220"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1570-7458.1999.00528.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.1999.00152.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.1999.00153.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1079\/BER200064","article-title":"Mark\u2010recapture and Moran curve estimates of the survival probabilities of an Island population of tsetse flies Glossina morsitans morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae)","volume":"91","author":"Hargrove J.W.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bulletin of Entomological Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1079\/BER200074","article-title":"The effect of temperature and saturation deficit on mortality in populations of male Glossina m. morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae) in Zimbabwe and Tanzania","volume":"91","author":"Hargrove J.W.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bulletin of Entomological Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851994758.0113"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300041092"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300050653"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phen.12098"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.171739"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2011.00953.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485323000159"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1995.tb00166.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"Levels of insect parasitism of Glossina morsitans orientalis Vanderplank (Diptera) in Rhodesia","volume":"32","author":"Heaversedge R.C.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-10-S1-S1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300022203"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300022549"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006973"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.13839"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","unstructured":"Madubunyi L.C.(1975)A technique for detecting abortions in wild populations ofGlossinaspecies. 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