{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:49:38Z","timestamp":1791521378473,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Vet Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Outbreaks of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) with unknown aetiology are reported every year in Gorakhpur district, Uttar Pradesh, India, and\n                    <jats:italic>Orientia tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the rickettsial pathogen, responsible for scrub typhus has been attributed as the primary cause of AES problem. However, information on the prevalence of other rickettsial infections is lacking. Hence, this study was carried out to assess any occurrence of tick\u2010 and flea\u2010borne rickettsial agents in villages reporting AES cases in this district. In total, 825 peridomestic small mammals were trapped, by setting 9254 Sherman traps in four villages with a trap success rate of 8.9%. The Asian house shrew,\n                    <jats:italic>Suncus murinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , constituted the predominant animal species (56.2%) and contributed to the maximum number (87.37%) of ectoparasites. In total, 1552 ectoparasites comprising two species of ticks and one species each of flea and louse were retrieved from the trapped rodents\/shrews.\n                    <jats:italic>Rhipicephalus sanguineus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the brown dog tick, was the predominant species retrieved from the trapped rodents\/shrews, and the overall infestation rate was 1.75 per animal. In total, 4428 ectoparasites comprising five tick species, three louse species and one flea species were collected from 1798 domestic animals screened.\n                    <jats:italic>Rhipicephalus microplus<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the predominant tick species collected from the domestic animals. The cat flea,\n                    <jats:italic>Ctenocephalides felis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , constituted 1.5% of the total ectoparasites. Of all the ectoparasite samples (5980) from domestic animals and rodents, tested as 1211 pools through real\u2010time PCR assays, 64 pools were positive for\n                    <jats:italic>23S rRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene of rickettsial agents. The PCR\u2010positive samples were subjected to multi\u2010locus sequence typing (MLST). In BLAST and phylogenetic analysis, the ectoparasites were found to harbour\n                    <jats:italic>Rickettsia asembonensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20099),\n                    <jats:italic>Rickettsia conorii<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20093),\n                    <jats:italic>Rickettsia massiliae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200929) and\n                    <jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Rickettsia senegalensis (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091). A total of 22 pools were detected to have multiple rickettsial agents. The prevalence of fleas and high abundance of tick vectors with natural infections of rickettsial agents indicates the risk of transmission of tick\u2010 and flea\u2010borne rickettsial diseases in rural villages of Gorakhpur. Further epidemiological studies are required to confirm the transmission of these agents to humans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T03:54:02Z","timestamp":1695268442000},"page":"23-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Evidence on the prevalence of emerging and re\u2010emerging tick\u2010 and flea\u2010borne rickettsial agents in acute encephalitis syndrome endemic areas of northeast Uttar Pradesh, India"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Sadanandane","family":"Candasamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR\u2010Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR\u2010VCRC)  Puducherry India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elango","family":"Ayyanar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR\u2010Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR\u2010VCRC)  Puducherry India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0638-9590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panneer","family":"Devaraju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR\u2010Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR\u2010VCRC)  Puducherry India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwani","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR\u2010Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR\u2010VCRC)  Puducherry India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamran","family":"Zaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR\u2010Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR\u2010RMRC)  Gorakhpur India"},{"name":"ICMR\u2010National Institute of Traditional Medicine Belagavi (ICMR\u2010NITM Belagavi)  Belagavi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhuwan","family":"Bhaskar Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR\u2010Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR\u2010VCRC)  Puducherry India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshmy","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR\u2010Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR\u2010VCRC)  Puducherry India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jambulingam","family":"Purushothaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR\u2010Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR\u2010VCRC)  Puducherry India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Agarwal V.C.(2000)Taxonomic studies on Indian muridae and hystricidae (Mammalia: Rodentia). 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