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A key prerequisite for the success of any vector control strategy is the accurate identification and correct mapping of tsetse species. In this work, we updated the tsetse fly species identification and distribution in many geographical areas in Cameroon. Tsetse flies were captured from six localities in Cameroon, and their species were morphologically identified. Thereafter, DNA was extracted from legs of each tsetse fly and the length polymorphism of internal transcribed spacer\u20101 (ITS1) region of each fly was investigated using PCR. ITS1 DNA fragments of each tsetse species were sequenced. The sequences obtained were analysed and compared to those available in GenBank. This enabled to confirm\/infirm results of the morphologic identification and then, to establish the phylogenetic relationships between tsetse species. Morphologic features allowed to clearly distinguish all the tsetse species captured in the South Region of Cameroon, that is,\n                    <jats:italic>Glossina palpalis palpalis, G. pallicera<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>G. caliginea<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>G. nigrofusca<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In the northern area,\n                    <jats:italic>G. morsitans submorsitans<\/jats:italic>\n                    could also be distinguished from\n                    <jats:italic>G. palpalis palpalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>G. tachinoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>G. fuscipes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , but these three later could not be distinguished with routine morphological characters. The ITS1 length polymorphism was high among most of the studied species and allowed to identify the following similar species with a single PCR, that is,\n                    <jats:italic>G. palpalis palpalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    with 241 or 242\u2009bp and\n                    <jats:italic>G. tachinoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    with 221 or 222\u2009bp,\n                    <jats:italic>G. fuscipes<\/jats:italic>\n                    with 236 or 237\u2009bp. We also updated the old distribution of tsetse species in the areas assessed, highlighting the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>G. palpalis palpalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    instead of\n                    <jats:italic>G. fuscipes<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Mbakaou, or in sympatry with\n                    <jats:italic>G. morsitans submorsitans<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Dodeo (northern Cameroon). This study confirms the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>G. palpalis palpalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the Adamawa Region of Cameroon. It highlights the limits of using morphological criteria to differentiate some tsetse species. Molecular tools based on the polymorphism of ITS1 of tsetse flies can differentiate tsetse species through a simple PCR before downstream analyses or vector control planning.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T11:48:53Z","timestamp":1712058533000},"page":"216-226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The internal transcribed spacer 1 sequence polymorphism brings updates to tsetse species distribution in the northern\n                    <scp>Cameroon<\/scp>\n                    : Importance in planning efficient vector control"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Steve","family":"Feudjio Soffack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Faculty of Science University of Yaound\u00e9 I  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5847-758X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tito Tresor","family":"Melachio Tanekou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science University of Bamenda  Bamenda Cameroon"},{"name":"Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"},{"name":"Department of Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oumarou","family":"Farikou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Science University of Bamenda  Bamenda Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1410-5156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ginette Irma","family":"Kame Ngasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research on Health and Priority Pathologies IMPM  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mureille Carole","family":"Tchami Mbagnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Faculty of Science University of Yaound\u00e9 I  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murielle","family":"Wondji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"},{"name":"Department of Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles S.","family":"Wondji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID)  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"},{"name":"Department of Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adly M. M.","family":"Abd\u2010Alla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Insect Pest Control Laboratory Joint FAO\/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Geiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR177, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD)\u2010CIRAD  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustave","family":"Simo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Parasitology and Entomology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science University of Dschang  Dschang Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flobert","family":"Njiokou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Faculty of Science University of Yaound\u00e9 I  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-018-1295-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300037378"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Programme against African trypanosomiasis","author":"Cecchi R.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2583.1999.810125.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006768"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-018-1283-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2859-11-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-014-0156-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2008.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FAO&WHO. 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