{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:23:23Z","timestamp":1787739803404,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020854","name":"Asociaci\u00f3n Cooperadora INTA Rafaela","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020854","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Vet Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The aim of this work was to analyse the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of\n                    <jats:italic>Rhipicephalus microplus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Canestrini, 1888) (Acari: Ixodidae) resistance to chemical acaricides at intra\u2010farm level under different environmental (favourable and unfavourable areas for tick development) and management (different schemes of acaricides applications) conditions using ivermectin as a model. The in vitro larval immersion test (LIT) was used to determine quantitatively the levels of resistance to ivermectin in the different populations and subpopulations of\n                    <jats:italic>R.\u2009microplus<\/jats:italic>\n                    analysed. In the first case study, differences in resistance levels among tick samples within the same paddock across time and among tick samples from different paddocks were recorded. These results stress the importance of taking successive samples so that they represent the spatial and temporal variabilities in the levels of resistance that can occur within the same farm. In a second case study, the evolution of resistance in\n                    <jats:italic>R.\u2009microplus<\/jats:italic>\n                    subpopulations subjected to strategic and threshold control methods based on the application of three annual treatments with alternation of chemical groups was compared. No changes in resistance\/susceptibility status were observed in both tick subpopulations. These results show that the application of a particular drug once a year within a scheme of alternation with other chemical groups could be an appropriate strategy to delay the development of resistance. Data of the third case study showed that environmental constraints is not only a key modulator of\n                    <jats:italic>R.\u2009microplus<\/jats:italic>\n                    abundance but could also affect the evolution of resistance in the tick populations. The decreasing trend of LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values in the tick subpopulation not exposed to chemical treatments but also in that subpopulation exposed to three annual chemical treatments under unfavourable environmental conditions allow us to hypothesise that environmental constraints can modify the levels of resistance in a tick population because it can constitute a stronger selection factor than the treatments themselves.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T08:17:21Z","timestamp":1735201041000},"page":"351-360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of\n                    <i>Rhipicephalus microplus<\/i>\n                    resistance to chemical acaricides at intra\u2010farm level: A case study using ivermectin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Morel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Cadena L\u00e1ctea (IdICaL) (INTA\u2010CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog\u00eda Agropecuaria, INTA E.E.A. Rafaela  Rafaela Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorgelina","family":"Torrents","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Cadena L\u00e1ctea (IdICaL) (INTA\u2010CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog\u00eda Agropecuaria, INTA E.E.A. Rafaela  Rafaela Argentina"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad Nacional del Litoral  Esperanza Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8592-6635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Macarena","family":"Sarli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Cadena L\u00e1ctea (IdICaL) (INTA\u2010CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog\u00eda Agropecuaria, INTA E.E.A. Rafaela  Rafaela Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria V.","family":"Rossner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog\u00eda Agropecuaria, Estaci\u00f3n Experimental Agropecuaria Colonia Ben\u00edtez (INTA EEA Colonia Ben\u00edtez)  Colonia Ben\u00edtez Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e1n L.","family":"Lifschitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Farmacolog\u00eda, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET\u2010CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias UNCPBA  Tandil Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7791-4239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santiago","family":"Nava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Cadena L\u00e1ctea (IdICaL) (INTA\u2010CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Tecnolog\u00eda Agropecuaria, INTA E.E.A. 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