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This process contributes to the infestation of adjacent rural settlements by vector sand fly species with different degrees of adaptation, promoting leishmaniasis outbreaks. This study aimed to assess land use and cover changes over a 12\u2010year period and investigate the diversity and abundance of sand fly assemblages in the rural area of Cod\u00f3, Maranh\u00e3o State, Brazil. Temporal analysis of land use and cover changes was conducted using Sentinel\u20102 satellite imagery treated in QGIS software (free version 3.10) and classified using Orfeo Toolbox. Sand flies were sampled in alternate months between August 2022 and June 2023 using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps and white and black Shannon traps installed in peridomestic and extradomestic environments. Map images showed that the predominant land covers in 2012 and 2014 were dense and sparse vegetation, with few buildings. In 2021 and 2023, areas of sparse and dense vegetation were fragmented as new settlements were established. The entomological survey resulted in the capture of 3375 sand flies (CDC\u2009=\u2009856, white Shannon\u2009=\u2009650, black Shannon\u2009=\u20091969) belonging to 20 species. The most abundant species were\n                    <jats:italic>Psychodopygus wellcomei<\/jats:italic>\n                    Fraiha, Shaw &amp; Lainson, 1971 (78.19%), followed by\n                    <jats:italic>Nyssomyia whitmani<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Antunes &amp; Coutinho, 1939) (7.53%). Additionally,\n                    <jats:italic>Ny. whitmani<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the most abundant species (84.97%) in peridomestic environments, whereas\n                    <jats:italic>Ps. wellcomei<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the most abundant species (96.51%) in extradomestic environments. The sand fly assemblage was highly diverse, with a high abundance of competent vectors of\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. These findings can promote community participation in surveillance and control efforts to prevent leishmaniasis cases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T08:25:23Z","timestamp":1737188723000},"page":"525-537","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Land use and cover changes and sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) assemblages in an emerging focus of leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3131-7177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxcilene da Silva","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia \u2013 Rede BIONORTE Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o  S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7184-0408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa Cristina Ribeiro","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biology Programa De P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade Ambiente e Sa\u00fade \u2013 PPGBAS Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o  Caxias Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0990-2441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonia Suely Guimar\u00e3es e","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biology Programa De P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade Ambiente e Sa\u00fade \u2013 PPGBAS Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o  Caxias Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9236-2508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judson Chaves","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biology Programa De P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade Ambiente e Sa\u00fade \u2013 PPGBAS Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o  Caxias Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3490-5568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronayce Concei\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0de Jesus Serr\u00e3o","family":"Pimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biology Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o  Caxias Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9719-9966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Santos","family":"Leonardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Foundation\u2014Cod\u00f3 Health District  Cod\u00f3 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0223-0980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel Mac\u00e1rio","family":"Reb\u00ealo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o Universidade Federal do Maranh\u00e3oy  S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4652-4884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Val\u00e9ria Cristina Soares","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biology Programa De P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade Ambiente e Sa\u00fade \u2013 PPGBAS Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o  Caxias Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biology Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia \u2013 Rede BIONORTE Universidade Estadual do Maranh\u00e3o  Caxias Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-75544-1_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004770"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-260"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"Manual de Vigil\u00e2ncia da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana","author":"BRASIL. 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