{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:37:18Z","timestamp":1791398238064,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IZSTZO:191762"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IZSTZO:191762"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RPHS\/2016\/D02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RPHS\/2016\/D02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Vet Entomology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    L. and\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Skuse mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), the principal vectors of many human arboviral diseases, lay eggs and undergo preimaginal development in fresh water. They have recently been shown to also develop in brackish water in coastal areas. Previous findings showed that\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    larvae developing in brackish water possessed thicker cuticles and greater larvicide resistance than larvae developing in fresh water. The present study compared cuticle ultrastructure, resistance to adulticides, and the activities of adulticide detoxifying enzymes in female mosquitoes emerging from fresh and brackish water\u2010developing\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    preimaginal stages. The results showed that brackish water\u2010derived females possessed significantly thicker tarsal and abdominal cuticles compared to fresh water\u2010derived females. Brackish water\u2010derived\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    females were also significantly more resistant to three different types of pyrethroids and malathion compared to fresh water\u2010derived females. Corresponding reversal of cuticle changes and adulticide resistance when preimaginal salinity was reversed showed that preimaginal salinity determined both procuticle structure and adulticide resistance in brackish water\u2010derived females. Compared with fresh water\u2010derived\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    females, brackish water\u2010derived females had similar activities of the adulticide\u2010detoxifying enzyme families of esterases and glutathione S\u2010transferases and a modest increase in the activity of monooxygenases, all of which were lower than the threshold values attributed to resistance in field populations of\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Reduced permeability of the thicker and remodelled cuticles in brackish water\u2010derived\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    females to adulticides is proposed to be mainly responsible for their greater resistance to different types of adulticides. Greater salinity tolerance of preimaginal stages, adult cuticle changes and higher larvicide and adulticide resistance are inherited properties of brackish water\u2010developing\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    that reverse in a few generations after transfer to fresh water. This is compatible with a role for epigenetic changes in the adaptation of\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    to brackish water. Greater resistance of salinity\u2010tolerant\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    to adulticides and larvicides poses a hitherto unappreciated problem for controlling arboviral diseases, with attendant implications also for other mosquito\u2010borne diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T17:48:10Z","timestamp":1741715290000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Preimaginal development of\n                    <i>Aedes aegypti<\/i>\n                    L. (Diptera: Culicidae) in brackish water gives rise to adult mosquitoes with thicker cuticles and greater insecticide resistance"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Kokila","family":"Sivabalakrishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science University of Jaffna  Jaffna Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Hemphill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2537-0548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. H. P. Parakrama","family":"Karunaratne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science University of Peradeniya  Peradeniya Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9509-485X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arunasalam","family":"Naguleswaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Roditi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7861-2037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sinnathamby N.","family":"Surendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science University of Jaffna  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