{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T07:07:01Z","timestamp":1770534421689,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Vet Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Defecation is one of the posterior\u2010station transmission routes for pathogens in haematophagous insects.\n Culicoides peregrinus<\/jats:italic>\n Kieffer and\n Culicoides oxystoma<\/jats:italic>\n Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are the proven vectors of many arboviruses, most importantly bluetongue virus, protozoa, and filarial nematodes of livestock. Duration of blood feeding and defecation vary according to species.\n Culicoides<\/jats:italic>\n females take blood from their hosts to acquire additional protein to develop their eggs. This study investigates the bacterial communities in defecated contents and gut of the field\u2010collected post\u2010defecated females of\n C. peregrinus<\/jats:italic>\n and\n C. oxystoma<\/jats:italic>\n . To observe the defecation period and pathogenic bacteria in their defecated contents, engorged females of both species were investigated. The females were transferred to the glass vials containing moistened cotton beds at the bottom and kept in an environmental test chamber. The females defecated within 48\u2009h of post\u2010blood meal intake. The defecated contents discharged by\n C. peregrinus<\/jats:italic>\n contained the following bacterial species:\n Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Bacillus flexus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Proteus vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n C. oxystoma<\/jats:italic>\n :\n B. cereus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n E. faecium<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Alcaligenes faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n .\n Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n B. flexus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Paenibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n sp.,\n E. faecium<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n A. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Brevundimonas<\/jats:italic>\n sp. were obtained from the gut of post\u2010defecated females of\n C. peregrinus<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n B. cereus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Lysinibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n sp., and\n Paenibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n sp. were identified from the gut contents of post\u2010defecated females of\n C. oxystoma<\/jats:italic>\n . Within the defecated contents, the following pathogenic bacteria,\n B. cereus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n P. vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n A. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n , were detected, which raises the chances of zoonotic posterior transmission to their hosts that should be investigated.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T22:54:47Z","timestamp":1746226487000},"page":"701-708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["First record of bacterial communities within defecated contents and gut of post\u2010defecated females of\n \n Culicoides peregrinus<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n Kieffer and\n \n Culicoides oxystoma<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), vectors of bluetongue virus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Ankita","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology The University of Burdwan Bardhaman India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paramita","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology The University of Burdwan Bardhaman India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2606-9888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhijit","family":"Mazumdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology The University of Burdwan Bardhaman India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjad011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12286"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009654"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"346","article-title":"Solenophagy and telmophagy: biting mechanisms among various hematophagous insects","volume":"31","author":"Bouchet F.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Allergy, Immunology and Clinical Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2011.01279.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imb.12526"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.6.4.324"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-015-0720-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-6055.1969.tb00727.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2022.0131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjz154"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2021.105741"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-6472-6_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01303-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12097"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12588"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Larval rearing of eight species of Culicoides given cultured nematodes, Rhabditis elongata, as diet","volume":"83","author":"Kitaoka S.","year":"1982","journal-title":"BNIHS"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1286-4579(00)00269-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.15.4293"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-007-9320-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12298"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2024.107259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-021-01822-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2010.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","volume-title":"Medical and veterinary entomology","author":"Mullen G.R.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2006.12.010"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Bionomics and life cycle studies on Culicoides sp. 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