{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T15:15:56Z","timestamp":1788880556411,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Vet Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Dromedary camels\n                    <jats:italic>Camelus dromedarius<\/jats:italic>\n                    Linnaeus (Artiodactyla, Camelidae) are vital to the livelihoods of nomadic and pastoralist communities in the Sahara Desert. However, they are susceptible to ectoparasites, which can significantly impact their health and productivity, as well as their potential role in transmitting zoonotic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, species composition and infestation levels of ectoparasites in dromedaries from different camel herds (CH) across northern Algeria's Sahara Desert. Additionally, we assessed the effects of CH and camel age and sex on parasite loads and infestation patterns regarding the host's affected body region. A total of 68 camels out of 135, randomly selected from four herds CH1\u2013CH4, were surveyed for ectoparasites. Ectoparasites were counted, collected and identified in the laboratory. Pearson correlation tests were employed to analyse the relationship between parasite indices. Similarity analysis was conducted to compare ectoparasite species composition among the sampled CH. The overall infestation level of ectoparasites across the CH was 61.76% with 511 ectoparasite individuals identified. Significant regional variation in tick prevalence was observed: CH1 (88.24%), CH2 (64.71%), CH3 (58.82%) and CH4 (35.29%) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The most prevalent ectoparasites were ticks, with four species identified:\n                    <jats:italic>Hyalomma dromedarii<\/jats:italic>\n                    Koch (Ixodida, Ixodidae) (45.21%),\n                    <jats:italic>Hyalomma marginatum marginatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    Koch (Ixodida, Ixodidae) (18%),\n                    <jats:italic>Rhipicephalus sanguineus<\/jats:italic>\n                    sensu lato Latreille (Ixodida, Ixodidae) (7.63%) and\n                    <jats:italic>Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Linnaeus (Ixodida, Ixodidae) (4.9%). In addition, one mite species\n                    <jats:italic>Sarcoptes scabiei<\/jats:italic>\n                    Linnaeus (Sarcoptiformes, Sarcoptidae), one flea species\n                    <jats:italic>Ctenocephalides arabicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    Jordan (Siphonaptera, Pulicidae) and one fly species\n                    <jats:italic>Wohlfahrtia magnifica<\/jats:italic>\n                    Schiner (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) were identified. Similarity analysis showed a 70% overlap in ectoparasite species composition between herds, suggesting common environmental and management\u2010related risk factors. Overall, the abdomen exhibited the highest percentage of ectoparasites at 22.7%, followed by the neck and sternum (17.8%), and the anal and tail area (17.4%). Adults accounted for 86.1% of infestations, with notable contributions from the abdomen (17.0%) and neck\/sternum (15.9%), while young camels made up only 13.9%. The high ectoparasite infestation level, particularly ticks, underscores the need for a comprehensive control plan, especially in herds managed under extensive or nomadic systems. Future research should focus on identifying risk factors and exploring ectoparasite control strategies to reduce the burden on camel health and prevent potential zoonotic disease transmission in the region.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.70028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T19:46:42Z","timestamp":1760557602000},"page":"16-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Epidemiological assessment of ectoparasite prevalence in the dromedary camel (\n                    <i>Camelus dromedarius<\/i>\n                    ) in the Sahara Desert"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9470-9322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Badreddine","family":"Attir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nature and Life Sciences University of Biskra  El Hadjeb, Biskra Algeria"},{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics, Biotechnology, and Valorization of Bioresources (LGBVB) University of Biskra  Biskra Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8798-322X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adel","family":"Mammeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics, Biotechnology, and Valorization of Bioresources (LGBVB) University of Biskra  Biskra Algeria"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Sciences University of M'Sila  M'Sila Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4875-2167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelhamid","family":"Baa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences University of M'Sila  M'Sila Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4753-6842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madjed","family":"Aggouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nature and Life Sciences University of Biskra  El Hadjeb, Biskra Algeria"},{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics, Biotechnology, and Valorization of Bioresources (LGBVB) University of Biskra  Biskra Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safia","family":"Zouaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nature and Life Sciences University of Biskra  El Hadjeb, Biskra Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mebarka","family":"Basli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nature and Life Sciences University of Biskra  El Hadjeb, Biskra Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9077-2706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haroun","family":"Chenchouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Resources and Management of Sensitive Environments \u2018LRNAMS\u2019 University of Oum El Bouaghi  Oum El Bouaghi Algeria"},{"name":"Higher National School of Forests  Khenchela Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/16-161"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10091485"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-3973-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20473\/jops.v8i1.50570"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.aavs\/2018\/6.8.311.316"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Attir B. 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