{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T14:20:57Z","timestamp":1772893257370,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Vet Entomology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Hippobosca equina<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a common ectoparasite of horses, poses a significant challenge to equine health worldwide. This study provides a molecular characterization of\n                    <jats:italic>H. equina<\/jats:italic>\n                    and examines its impact on host immune responses and oxidative stress. Genetic analysis of samples from various regions revealed notable homogeneity, indicating limited genetic variation among populations. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated close genetic relationships among sequences from Egypt, France, Kazakhstan and Portugal, while also showing comparable but more distant identities to sequences from China, Denmark, Finland and other countries. Infested horses exhibited elevated levels of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines, including IL\u20106, TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IFN\u2010\u03b3, relative to uninfested control horses, indicating a strong immune response to the parasite. Additionally, there was a significant increase in oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and nitric oxide, indicating substantial cellular damage. These findings highlight the dual impact of\n                    <jats:italic>H. equina<\/jats:italic>\n                    infestations on horse health, prompting both immune activation and oxidative stress. This study emphasizes the importance of targeted pest management strategies that consider the genetic uniformity of parasites and host physiological responses. By providing valuable insights into the complex host\u2013parasite interactions between\n                    <jats:italic>H. equina<\/jats:italic>\n                    and equine hosts, this research enhances our understanding of equine ectoparasites and suggests potential avenues for improving horse health and welfare.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.70041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T14:59:51Z","timestamp":1765205991000},"page":"181-189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>Hippobosca equina<\/i>\n                    : Influences on oxidative stress and immune\u2010regulating cytokine responses in horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Menna A.","family":"El\u2010Geneady","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5255-7917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reem M.","family":"Ramadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olfat A.","family":"Mahdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed S.","family":"Kamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mai A.","family":"Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University  Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2021.106274"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-017-1210-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12448"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Oedematous skin disease (OSD) transmission among buffaloes","volume":"19","author":"Arafa M.I.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Global Journal of Medical Research G Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40793-017-0234-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105521"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2019.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52707\/1081-1710-47.1.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/cemed.4.2010.1.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"1330","article-title":"Characterization of Egyptian Beauveria bassiana strain for biocontrol of Musca domestica","volume":"13","author":"El\u2010Geneady M.A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"El\u2010Geneady M.A. Ramadan R.M. 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