{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:02:24Z","timestamp":1790769744615,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["resjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Medical Vet Entomology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Arboviruses transmitted by\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , including Zika, yellow fever and especially dengue and chikungunya, represent a growing public health concern in Africa. Insecticide\u2010based strategies remain essential for the prevention and control of arboviral outbreaks. However, insecticide resistance in\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    is globally widespread and appears to be rising in sub\u2010Saharan Africa. Here, we reviewed the distribution and phenotypic and molecular evidence of insecticide resistance in\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    across sub\u2010Saharan Africa and summarized the underlying resistance mechanisms and key knowledge gaps. Bibliographic databases were searched for studies published between January 2010 and December 2023. The review identified 40 studies from 18 of 47 countries in sub\u2010Saharan Africa. Among adults mosquitoes, resistance to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and pyrethroids was reported in multiple studies across West and Central Africa, while resistance to carbamates was also documented in several countries, comparatively fewer studies reported resistance to organophosphates. For larvae 7 of 40 studies assessed susceptibility to temephos, with potential resistance reported in only one study. Molecular investigations identified five\n                    <jats:italic>kdr<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutations including F1534C, V1016I, V410L, V1016G and S989P in 12 countries while metabolic resistance involving cytochrome P450s, carboxylesterases, glutathione S\u2010transferases and other detoxification enzymes was reported in a smaller number of studies and countries. Overall, the evidence base remains geographically uneven and limited for several insecticide classes and resistance mechanisms. This review highlights important knowledge gaps, including the limited assessment of larvicides, emerging adulticide options, resistance intensity and Aedes\u2010targeted vector control interventions, and underscores the need for more systematic and standardized insecticide resistance surveillance across sub\u2010Saharan Africa.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.70113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:36:49Z","timestamp":1790768209000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Insecticide resistance in\n                    <i>Aedes aegypti<\/i>\n                    across sub\u2010Saharan Africa: An overview and perspectives for effective arbovirus control"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5505-3009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdoul\u2010Aziz M.","family":"Maiga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliqu\u00e9e Universit\u00e9 Joseph KI\u2010ZERBO  Ouagadougou Burkina Faso"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Sciences et Technologies Universit\u00e9 Moderne des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9 (UM2S)  Niamey Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3091-7456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adand\u00e9 A.","family":"Medjigbodo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliqu\u00e9e Universit\u00e9 Joseph KI\u2010ZERBO  Ouagadougou Burkina Faso"},{"name":"Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC)\/University of Abomey\u2010Calavi  Abomey\u2010Calavi Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3212-5903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyacinthe K.","family":"To\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliqu\u00e9e Universit\u00e9 Joseph KI\u2010ZERBO  Ouagadougou Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2833-4718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aboubacar","family":"Sombi\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliqu\u00e9e Universit\u00e9 Joseph KI\u2010ZERBO  Ouagadougou Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6185-5692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yvan G.","family":"Fotso\u2010Toguem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Parasitology Department Center for Research in Infectious Diseases  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7381-6321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc S.","family":"Djogbenou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC)\/University of Abomey\u2010Calavi  Abomey\u2010Calavi Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5820-1388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Weetman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vector Biology Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6652-4240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanase","family":"Badolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliqu\u00e9e Universit\u00e9 Joseph KI\u2010ZERBO  Ouagadougou Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-023-05752-x","article-title":"Insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti in southern and northern Ghana","volume":"16","author":"Abdulai A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasites and Vectors"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006822","article-title":"Alternative strategies for mosquito\u2010borne arbovirus control","volume":"13","author":"Achee N.L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"51","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25764","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1914633116","article-title":"Functional genetic validation of key genes conferring insecticide resistance in the major African malaria vector, Anopheles 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