{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T04:06:02Z","timestamp":1768622762790,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,6]],"date-time":"2012-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1352160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>In <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> tests, natural coniferous resin from the Norway spruce (<jats:italic>Picea abies<\/jats:italic>) is strongly antifungal. In this observational study, we tested the clinical effectiveness of a lacquer composed of spruce resin for topical treatment of onychomycosis. Thirty\u2010seven patients with clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis were enrolled into the study. All patients used topical resin lacquer treatment daily for 9\u2003months. A mycological culture and potassium hydroxide (KOH) stain were done from nail samples in the beginning and in the end of the study. Treatment was considered effective, if a mycological culture was negative and there was an apparent clinical cure. At study entry, 20 patients (20\/37; 54%; 95% CI: 38\u201370) had a positive mycological culture and\/or positive KOH stain for dermatophytes. At study end, the result of 13 patients was negative (13\/19; 68%; 95% CI: 48\u201389). In one case (1\/14; 7%; 95% CI: 0\u201321) the mycological culture was initially negative, but it turned positive during the study period. By 14 compliant patients (14\/32; 44%; 95% CI: 27\u201361), resin lacquer treatment was considered clinically effective: complete healing took place in three cases (9%) and partial healing in 11 cases (85%). The results indicate some evidence of clinical efficacy of the natural coniferous resin used for topical treatment of onychomycosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,7]],"date-time":"2012-11-07T03:26:10Z","timestamp":1352258770000},"page":"289-296","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Natural coniferous resin lacquer in treatment of toenail onychomycosis: an observational 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