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A key concept in immune responses to <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> species is that host susceptibility determines the morphological form, antigenic structure and physical location of the fungus. Traditionally, innate immunity has been considered as a first line of defence and activates adaptive immune mechanisms by the provision of specific signals; innate and adaptive immune responses are intimately linked. The T\u2010helper cell (T<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>1) response is associated with increased production of inflammatory cytokines IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u20102 and IL\u201012 and stimulation of antifungal effector cells. Alternatively, T<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>2\u2010type responses are associated with suppression of antifungal effector cell activity, decreased production of IFN\u2010\u03b3 and increased concentrations of IL\u20104 and IL\u201010, which promote humoral responses to <jats:italic>Aspergillus.<\/jats:italic> The host\u2019s defensive capacity is defined by the sum of resistance and tolerance. Resistance displays the ability to limit fungal burden and elimination of the pathogen, and tolerance means the ability to limit host damage caused by immune response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,14]],"date-time":"2013-02-14T07:03:03Z","timestamp":1360825383000},"page":"403-413","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Minireview: host defence in invasive aspergillosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Lass\u2010Fl\u00f6rl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Roilides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"L\u00f6ffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doris","family":"Wilflingseder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigina","family":"Romani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00014-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13693786.2010.511286"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/513943"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","first-page":"65","article-title":"Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"7","author":"Kliasova GA","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ter Arkh J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-05-1496"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2009.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","first-page":"862","article-title":"Infections caused by filamentous fungi in patients with hematologic malignancies. 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