{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T15:44:08Z","timestamp":1746114248509},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]],"date-time":"2013-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Typically, the onset of candidiasis is characterised by the appearance of a biofilm of <jats:italic>Candida albicans,<\/jats:italic> which is associated with several diseases including oral candidiasis in young and elderly people. The objective of this work was to investigate the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fungicidal activity as well as the antibiofilm activity of ambroxol (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMB<\/jats:styled-content>) against <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> growth. In the present investigation, the fungicidal activity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMB<\/jats:styled-content> was established using the cell viability 3\u2010(4,5\u2010dimethylthiazol\u20102\u2010yl)\u20102,5\u2010diphenyltetrazolium bromide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTT<\/jats:styled-content>) assay. Also the minimum inhibitory concentration (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content>) of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMB<\/jats:styled-content> required to inhibit the fungal growth was determined. Simultaneously, the antibiofilm activity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMB<\/jats:styled-content> was evaluated using fluorescence microscopy. The study revealed that 2\u00a0mg\u00a0ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMB<\/jats:styled-content> exhibited higher fungicidal activity than 3.3\u00a0mg\u00a0ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> of terbinafine, one of most common commercial antifungals. A <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MIC<\/jats:styled-content> of 1\u00a0mg\u00a0ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> was determined for AMB to interfere with <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> growth. Furthermore, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMB<\/jats:styled-content> was found to be effective in inhibiting the biofilm formation of <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> and exerted its fungicidal activity against the fungal cells interspersed in the preformed biofilm. The study suggests a potential role of the mucolytic agent, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMB<\/jats:styled-content>, as an interesting therapeutic alternative in the treatment of oral candidiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]],"date-time":"2013-11-14T10:27:11Z","timestamp":1384424831000},"page":"228-232","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effects of ambroxol on <i>Candida albicans<\/i> growth and biofilm formation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Hernandez\u2010Delgadillo","family":"Rene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas Instituto de Biotecnologia Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, UANL Monterrey Nuevo Leon Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mart\u00ednez\u2010Sanmiguel Juan","family":"Jos\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Odontologia Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, UANL Monterrey Nuevo Leon Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00e1nchez\u2010N\u00e1jera Rosa","family":"Isela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Odontologia Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, UANL Monterrey Nuevo Leon Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cabral\u2010Romero","family":"Claudio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Odontologia Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, UANL Monterrey Nuevo Leon Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31827307b2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2012.08210.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Studies on Candida albicans infection in Filipino children. II. Prevalence of oral moniliasis","volume":"13","author":"Reyes A","year":"1956","journal-title":"Acta Med Philipp"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01569816"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.10.106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000329670"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"Antifungal therapy update: new drugs and medical uses","volume":"29","author":"Fortun J","year":"2011","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000195273"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02713834"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004330050049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-008-9142-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"Reduction of cytokine release of blood and bronchoalveolar mononuclear cells by ambroxol","volume":"2","author":"Pfeifer S","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s000110050421"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.69020581.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.8.e41"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.990210307"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0320(19971201)29:4<298::AID-CYTO6>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/48.suppl_1.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","first-page":"859","article-title":"Mucolytics, expectorants, and mucokinetic medications","volume":"52","author":"Rubin BK","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1567-1364.2012.00792.x"}],"container-title":["Mycoses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fmyc.12147","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/myc.12147","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T12:54:41Z","timestamp":1696251281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/myc.12147"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/myc.12147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/myc.12147","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7407","1439-0507"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7407","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0507","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]]}}}