{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T12:41:44Z","timestamp":1772023304450,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,17]],"date-time":"2014-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>K101 Nail Solution (trademarks Emtrix<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>, Nalox<jats:sup>\u2122<\/jats:sup>, Naloc<jats:sup>\u2122<\/jats:sup>) is a combination of propylene glycol, urea and lactic acid in a topical formulation for the treatment of nails affected by onychomycosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the Minimal Cidal Concentration (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCC<\/jats:styled-content>) of K101 Nail Solution against <jats:italic>Trichophyton rubrum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> as well as the effect of K101 Nail Solution on the micromorphology of these fungi. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCC<\/jats:styled-content> of K101 Nail Solution against <jats:italic>T. rubrum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> was 50% after 60\u2010min exposure time. A <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCC<\/jats:styled-content> of 50% for K101 Nail Solution means that K101 Nail Solution diluted with e.g. water to 50% will totally kill the fungi tested. In the scanning electron microscope <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> cells, treated with 50% K101 Nail Solution, showed a shrunken surface. <jats:italic>T. rubrum<\/jats:italic> cells were severely damaged shown as collapse and degradation of the cells. In the transmission electron microscope most <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> cells, treated with 50% K101 Nail Solution exhibited destroyed organelles and many necrotic cells were found. The cell wall was clearly degraded and the contact between the cell wall and the inner membrane was punctured. In <jats:italic>T. rubrum<\/jats:italic> most cells were necrotic. Some cells were clearly collapsed and the content in the cytoplasm was degraded shown as small membrane vesicles and many big vacuoles. The cell wall was clearly degraded and the membrane was punctured. In conclusion, this <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> study documents the efficacy of K101 Nail Solution against <jats:italic>T. rubrum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,17]],"date-time":"2014-06-17T11:49:36Z","timestamp":1403005776000},"page":"630-638","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The effect of K101 Nail Solution on <i>Trichophyton rubrum<\/i> and <i>Candida albicans<\/i> growth and ultrastructure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Kjell","family":"Hultenby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erja","family":"Chryssanthou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Klingspor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kjell","family":"Rensfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Moberg Pharma AB Bromma Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Str\u00f6mbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Faergemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1997.03890450124022","article-title":"Prevalence of onychomycosis in patients attending a dermatology clinic in northeastern Ohio for other conditions","volume":"133","author":"Elewski BE","year":"1997","journal-title":"Archiv Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.1998.02464.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2004.00968.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.3.415"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0804878"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"1109","article-title":"Onychomycosis therapy: past, present, future","volume":"9","author":"Gupta AK","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1996.tb00049.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2012.02215.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Early and visible improvements after application of K 101 in the appearance of nails discoloured and deformed by onychomycosis","volume":"1","author":"Faergemann J","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cosmet Sci Appl"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02681219880000601"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"22","volume-title":"Candida and Candidosis. 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