{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T20:16:04Z","timestamp":1788552964728,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,15]],"date-time":"2014-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is an invasive infection caused by filamentous fungi of the Mucoraceae family. The rhinocerebral form of the disease represents the most common form and has two distinct clinical entities. The common presentation consists of a rapidly progressive infection with high mortality rate, while the other presentation is that of a chronic infection with lower mortality. In the present paper we report a rare case of chronic rhinocerebral mucormycosis. An 85\u2010year\u2010old male with a 6\u2010month history of purulent and odorous nasal discharge, and sporadic episodes of epistaxis and anosmia, presented to the outpatient department of our clinic. Initial cultures were positive only for <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>. The patient was unresponsive to ciprofloxacin treatment, developing necrotic areas of the nasal septum suspicious for rhinocerebral mucormycosis. Admission to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ENT<\/jats:styled-content> clinic followed, with histopathologic evaluation of the vomer bone confirming the diagnosis. The patient was treated with amphotericin B and was discharged 3\u00a0weeks later on oral posaconazole therapy. Chronic rhinocerebral mucormycosis may present with atypical symptoms or coinfection with another agent. A high degree of clinical suspicion is required for correct diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,16]],"date-time":"2014-07-16T03:54:07Z","timestamp":1405482847000},"page":"699-702","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Chronic rhinocerebral mucormycosis: a rare case report and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Konstantina","family":"Dimaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department University Hospital of Patras Rion Patras Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonios","family":"Mallis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department University Hospital of Patras Rion Patras Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanos S.","family":"Naxakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department University Hospital of Patras Rion Patras Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markos","family":"Marangos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases University Hospital of Patras Rion Patras Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodoros A.","family":"Papadas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department University Hospital of Patras Rion Patras Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodoros","family":"Stathas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department University Hospital of Patras Rion Patras Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas S.","family":"Mastronikolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENT Department University Hospital of Patras Rion Patras Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/432579"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.3.556-569.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2008.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199610000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.53.620.337"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2007.01364.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02326-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.11.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.2.236"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"2135","article-title":"A patient with chronic mucormycosis","volume":"136","author":"Barge RM","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"712","article-title":"Rhinocerebral mucormycosis. 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