{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T06:49:33Z","timestamp":1778741373792,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,7]],"date-time":"2015-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Onychomycosis in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients has a prevalence of 20\u201344% and is more frequently seen with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cell counts \u2264450\u00a0cel\u00a0\u03bcl<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. There are case reports of improvement in onychomycosis after initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cART<\/jats:styled-content>), but there are no prospective studies that prove the existence and frequency of this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to evaluate if<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients with onychomycosis who begin<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cART<\/jats:styled-content>improve and\/or cure without antifungal treatment. We included<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010infected patients with onychomycosis who had not started<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cART<\/jats:styled-content>and nor received antifungal therapy during 6\u00a0months prior to the study. We evaluated affected the nails with the Onychomycosis Severity Index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSI<\/jats:styled-content>); nail scrapings were collected and direct microscopy with potassium hydroxide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KOH<\/jats:styled-content>) as well as mycological culture were performed. We repeated these procedures at 3 and 6\u00a0months to assess changes.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 T cell counts and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>viral load were obtained. A total of 16 patients were included, with male gender predominance (68.7%); distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DLSO<\/jats:styled-content>) was the most common form (31.3%).<jats:italic>Trichophyton rubrum<\/jats:italic>was the most frequently isolated microorganism.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSI<\/jats:styled-content>decreased 21.5% at 3\u00a0months and 40% at 6\u00a0months after initiation of antiretrovirals (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.05). We found a non\u2010significant tendency towards improvement with higher<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cell counts and with viral loads &lt;100\u00a0000\u00a0copies\u00a0ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. This could be due to the increase in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells, decreased percentage of Treg (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) among<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Tcells and\/or a decreased viral load; further studies are necessary to prove these hypothesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,7]],"date-time":"2015-07-07T17:22:47Z","timestamp":1436289767000},"page":"516-521","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Evaluation of improvement of onychomycosis in<scp>HIV<\/scp>\u2010infected patients after initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy without antifungal treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"Ru\u00edz\u2010L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Division Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonz\u00e1lez M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Moreno\u2010Couti\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Division Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonz\u00e1lez M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Division Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonz\u00e1lez M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Espinoza\u2010Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Division Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonz\u00e1lez M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Zulueta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectology Department Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonz\u00e1lez M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Reyes\u2010Ter\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Infectious Diseases National Institute of Respiratory Diseases M\u00e9xico M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"HIV\/AIDS Surveillance Report","author":"CDC","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"Registro Nacional de Casos de SIDA\u2010 Actualizaci\u00f3n Preliminar hasta semana 52 del 2012[WWW document]. 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