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We estimated the burden of fungal disease from epidemiology papers and specific populations at risk and fungal infection frequencies. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content> cases and deaths (2012) and tuberculosis statistics were obtained from the State Service of Ukraine, while chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content>) cases were from M. Miravitlles et\u00a0al., <jats:italic>Thorax <\/jats:italic><jats:bold>64<\/jats:bold>, 863\u2013868 (2009). Annual estimates are 893\u00a0579 Ukrainian women get recurrent vaginal thrush (\u22654\u00d7 per year), 50\u00a0847 cases of oral candidiasis and 13\u00a0727 cases of oesophageal candidiasis in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>, and 101 (1%) of 10\u00a0085 new <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content> cases develop cryptococcal meningitis, 6152 cases of <jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic> pneumonia (13.5 cases per 100\u00a0000). Of the 29\u00a0265 cases of active respiratory <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TB<\/jats:styled-content> in 2012, it is estimated that 2881 new cases of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPA<\/jats:styled-content>) occurred and that the 5\u2010year period prevalence is 7724 cases with a total <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPA<\/jats:styled-content> burden of 10\u00a0054 cases. Assuming adult asthma prevalence is ~2.9%, 28\u00a0447 patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABPA<\/jats:styled-content>) are likely and 37\u00a0491 with severe asthma with fungal sensitisation. We estimate 2278 cases and 376 postsurgical intra\u2010abdominal <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> infections. Invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients is estimated at 303 patients annually; 930 cases in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Ninety cases of mucormycosis (2 per 1\u00a0000\u00a0000) are estimated. In total, ~1\u00a0000\u00a0000 (2.2%) people in Ukraine develop serious fungal infections annually.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,9]],"date-time":"2015-10-09T06:51:15Z","timestamp":1444373475000},"page":"94-100","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Burden of serious fungal infections in Ukraine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Osmanov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Denning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Manchester Manchester UK"},{"name":"Manchester Academic Health Science Centre and National Aspergillosis Centre University Hospital of South Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10947"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004404"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-005-0044-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2010.00492.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(08)70009-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2009.01691.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","unstructured":"All Ukrainian population census[WWW document]. 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