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Historical official data from fungal diseases were collected from Brazilian Unified Health System Informatics Department (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DATASUS<\/jats:styled-content>). For fungal diseases for which no official data were available, assumptions of frequencies were made by estimating based on published literature. The incidence (\/1000) of hospital admissions for coccidioidomycosis was 7.12; for histoplasmosis, 2.19; and for paracoccidioidomycosis, 7.99. The estimated number of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis cases was 6832. Also, there were 4115 cases of <jats:italic>Pneumocystis<\/jats:italic> pneumonia in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content> patients per year, 1 010 465 aspergillosis and 2 981 416 cases of serious <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> infections, including invasive and non\u2010invasive diseases. In this study, we demonstrate that more than 3.8 million individuals in Brazil may be suffering from serious fungal infections, mostly patients with malignant cancers, transplant recipients, asthma, previous tuberculosis, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection and those living in endemic areas for truly pathogenic fungi. The scientific community and the governmental agencies should work in close collaboration in order to reduce the burden of such complex, difficult\u2010to\u2010diagnose and hard to treat diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,22]],"date-time":"2015-12-22T04:44:07Z","timestamp":1450759447000},"page":"145-150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["The burden of serious human fungal infections in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Juliana","family":"Giacomazzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation Program in Pathology Universidade Federal de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade de Porto Alegre (UFSCPA) Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludmila","family":"Baethgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation Program in Pathology Universidade Federal de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade de Porto Alegre (UFSCPA) Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilian C.","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation Program in Pathology Universidade Federal de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade de Porto Alegre (UFSCPA) Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Adelaide","family":"Millington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiological Vigilance Ministry of Health Secretary of Health Vigilance Bras\u00edlia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Denning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Education and Research Centre \u2010 University Hospital of South Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaldo L.","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Medicine Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro C.","family":"Pasqualotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation Program in Pathology Universidade Federal de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade de Porto Alegre (UFSCPA) Porto Alegre Brazil"},{"name":"Molecular Biology Laboratory Irmandade Santa Casa de Miseric\u00f3rdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA) Hospital Dom Vicente Scherer (HDVS) Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"in association with the LIFE program","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004404"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.life-worldwide.org\/fungal-diseases\/[accessed on 28 October 2015]."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Women of Childbearing age who are malnourished[WWW document] 2011. 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