{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:10:00Z","timestamp":1761581400428},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,2]],"date-time":"2016-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic> is a widespread opportunistic fungal pathogen causing an alarmingly high mortality rate in immunocompromised patients. Nosocomial infections by drug\u2010resistant <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic> strains are of particular concern, and there is a pressing need to understand the origin, dispersal and long\u2010term evolution of drug resistance in this organism. The objective of this study was to investigate the diversity and putative origins of triazole resistance of <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic> from India. Eighty\u2010nine isolates, including 51 multiple triazole resistant (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTR<\/jats:styled-content>) isolates and 38 azole\u2010susceptible isolates, were genotyped using multilocus sequence typing (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLST<\/jats:styled-content>), mating typing and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> fingerprinting. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLST<\/jats:styled-content> resolved the 51 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTR<\/jats:styled-content> isolates into three genotypes, two of which have susceptible counterparts, suggesting that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTR<\/jats:styled-content> isolates originated multiple times in India. The multiple\u2010origin hypothesis was further supported by the diversity of sequences at the triazole target gene <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CYP<\/jats:styled-content>51A<\/jats:italic> among the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTR<\/jats:styled-content> isolates, and by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> fingerprints. Interestingly, there is abundant evidence for mating and recombination in natural population of <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic> in India, suggesting that sexual spread of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TR<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>34<\/jats:sub>\/L98H, the dominant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTR<\/jats:styled-content> allele, is possible. Our results call for greater attention to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTR<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic> and for better management of antifungal drug use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,2]],"date-time":"2016-03-02T08:44:45Z","timestamp":1456908285000},"page":"450-466","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Diversity and origins of Indian multi\u2010triazole resistant strains of <i>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Howard","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eta","family":"Ashu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology McMaster University Hamilton ON 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