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Malignancy and its treatment may also confer a higher risk of infection with <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>, but this association has not been as well described. A case of cryptococcosis in a cancer patient is presented, and all cases of coincident <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic> infection and malignancy in adults published in the literature in English between 1970 and 2014 are reviewed. Data from these cases were aggregated in order to describe the demographics, type of malignancy, site of infection, clinical manifestations, treatment and outcomes of cryptococcosis in patients with cancer. Haematologic malignancies accounted for 82% of cases, with lymphomas over\u2010represented compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> population data (66% vs. 53% respectively). Cryptococcosis was reported rarely in patients with solid tumours. Haematologic malignancy patients were more likely to have central nervous system (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) or disseminated disease (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), receive Amphotericin B as part of initial therapy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.023), and had higher reported mortality rates than those with solid tumours (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.222). Providers should have heightened awareness of the possibility of cryptococcosis in patients with haematologic malignancy presenting with infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,2]],"date-time":"2016-03-02T08:44:41Z","timestamp":1456908281000},"page":"542-552","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["<i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i> infection in malignancy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Schmalzle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland School of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Institute of Human Virology University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike K.","family":"Buchwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland School of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Institute of Human 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