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It is currently known that the <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>C. gattii<\/jats:italic> species complex has a worldwide distribution, however, some molecular types seem to prevail in certain regions. Few environmental studies of <jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic> have been conducted in the Brazilian Amazon. This is the first ecological study of the pathogenic fungi <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>C. gattii<\/jats:italic> species complex in the urban area of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. A total of 506 samples from pigeon droppings (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 191), captive bird droppings (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 60) and tree hollows (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 255) were collected from June 2012 to January 2014 at schools and public buildings, squares, pet shops, households, the zoo and the bus station. Samples were plated on niger seed agar (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NSA<\/jats:styled-content>) medium supplemented with chloramphenicol and incubated at 25\u00b0C for 5 days. Dark\u2010brown colonies were isolated and tested for thermotolerance at 37\u00b0C, cycloheximide resistance and growth on canavanine\u2010glycine\u2010bromothymol blue agar. Molecular typing was done by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RFLP<\/jats:styled-content>. Susceptibility to the antifungal drugs amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole and ketoconazole was tested using Etest<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> strips. In total, 13 positive samples were obtained: one tree hollow (<jats:italic>C. gattii<\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VGII<\/jats:styled-content>), nine pigeon droppings (<jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VNI<\/jats:styled-content>) and three captive bird droppings (<jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VNI<\/jats:styled-content>). The environmental cryptococcal isolates found in this study were of the same molecular types as those responsible for infections in Manaus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,23]],"date-time":"2016-03-23T11:17:59Z","timestamp":1458731879000},"page":"509-515","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Molecular typing of environmental <i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i>\/<i>C. gattii<\/i> species complex isolates from Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Gleica Soyan Barbosa","family":"Alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade Sociedade e Endemias na Amaz\u00f4nia \u2013 UFAM and CPqLMD\/FIOCRUZ Manaus Amazonas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Karla Lima","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o 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