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Our aim was to in order to characterise the epidemiology, antifungal susceptibility pattern and virulence of 28 <jats:italic>Cyptococcus<\/jats:italic> sp. strains recovered from 12 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AIDS<\/jats:styled-content> patients during two years in a Spanish single institution. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed according to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLSI<\/jats:styled-content> protocols. Clinical strains were molecularly characterised by serotyping, mating type, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> fingerprinting (M13 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GACA<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> microsatellites) and analysis of two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rDNA<\/jats:styled-content> regions (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGS<\/jats:styled-content>1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ITS<\/jats:styled-content>). Sequencing of the <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ERG<\/jats:styled-content>11<\/jats:italic> gene was used to explore mechanisms of fluconazole resistance. Differences in virulence between species were studied in a <jats:italic>Galleria mellonella<\/jats:italic> infection model. <jats:italic>Cryptococcus deneoformans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C.\u00a0deneoformans x Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic> hybrids were the most frequent variety (65%) followed by <jats:italic>C.\u00a0neoformans<\/jats:italic> (35%). Strains were categorised according to 13 microsatellite genotypes and mixed infections could be detected in three patients. Twenty\u2010nine per cent of the strains were fluconazole resistant. In one of the patients, the fluconazole resistance phenotype was associated with a point mutation in the <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ERG<\/jats:styled-content>11<\/jats:italic> gene responsible for the amino acid substitution G470R. <jats:italic>C.\u00a0neoformans<\/jats:italic> strains were able to kill <jats:italic>G.\u00a0mellonella<\/jats:italic> larvae more efficiently than <jats:italic>C.\u00a0deneoformans<\/jats:italic> and hybrids between both species. Precisely molecular characterisation of <jats:italic>C.\u00a0neoformans<\/jats:italic> species is important for an accurate patient's management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]],"date-time":"2016-09-16T04:16:57Z","timestamp":1473999417000},"page":"40-50","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Molecular identification, antifungal resistance and virulence of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i> and <i>Cryptococcus deneoformans<\/i> isolated in Seville, Spain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Gago","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology Reference Laboratory Centro Nacional de Microbiolog\u00eda Instituto de Salud Carlos III  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Manchester Fungal Infection Group Institute of Inflammation and Repair University of Manchester  Manchester 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