{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T01:43:26Z","timestamp":1780537406806,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]],"date-time":"2016-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although being an utterly frequent, non\u2010mortal, yet distressing disease, and despite good knowledge of the pathogenesis and the availability of specific and safe treatment, vulvovaginal <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VVC<\/jats:styled-content>) infection remains one of the most enigmatic problems for both physicians and patients. Good treatment requires a proper diagnosis. Too many caregivers (and patients treating themselves) react too simple\u2010minded on the symptoms of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VVC<\/jats:styled-content> and treat <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VVC<\/jats:styled-content> where they see it on the vulva. In this opinion paper, we plea for a thorough examination of women with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VVC<\/jats:styled-content>, especially in those women who suffer from recurrent disease since a long time, sometimes decades, which necessitates intensive examination of the vaginal flora, as this is invariably the reservoir for relapses and recurrent vulvitis. Examination of such complicated cases requires experienced clinical judgement, expertise bedside phase contrast microscopy of fresh vaginal fluid, classical cultures on Sabouroud medium and, if still unresolved, repetitive cultures taken by the patient herself at moments of symptoms, and\/or nuclear acid amplification techniques to detect <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> genes in the vaginal fluid. Even if only vulvitis is evident, thorough expert examination of vaginal fluid is obligatory to diagnose <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VVC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]],"date-time":"2016-09-30T05:07:07Z","timestamp":1475212027000},"page":"70-72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["<i>Candida<\/i> vulvovaginitis: A store with a buttery and a show window"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9890-6254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilbert G. G.","family":"Donders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Femicare Clinical Research for Women Tienen Belgium"},{"name":"Department of OB\/Gyn University Hospital Antwerp Edegem Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack D.","family":"Sobel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Wayne State University Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2009.01754.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.44.3.576-580.1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054379"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.10.786"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","first-page":"CD002845","article-title":"Oral versus intra\u2010vaginal imidazole and triazole anti\u2010fungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis (thrush)","volume":"4","author":"Nurbhai M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.06.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa033114"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_9_1","first-page":"124","article-title":"Recurrent vaginal candidosis: prospective study of effectiveness of maintenance miconazole treatment","volume":"64","author":"Balsdon MJ","year":"1988","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1988.tb40451.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_11_1","first-page":"374","article-title":"The value of chronic suppressive therapy with itraconazole versus clotrimazole in women with recurrent vaginal candidiasis","volume":"68","author":"Fong IW","year":"1992","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1984.00350150149034","article-title":"Efficacy of ketoconazole v nystatin in prevention of fungal infections in neutropenic patients","volume":"144","author":"Jones PG","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2006.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2005.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.2.651-657.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_16_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"The effect of estradiol on Candida albicans growth","volume":"27","author":"Gujjar PR","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_17_1","first-page":"258","article-title":"Hormonal contraception and vaginal mycoses","volume":"1","author":"Patt V","year":"1978","journal-title":"Mykosen Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2008.04.070169"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/493508"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-003-0091-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200326080-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-012-1714-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2011.02030.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0b013e31826009c3"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1368243"}],"container-title":["Mycoses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fmyc.12572","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fmyc.12572","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/myc.12572","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T15:08:55Z","timestamp":1696259335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/myc.12572"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/myc.12572"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/myc.12572","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7407","1439-0507"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7407","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0507","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]]}}}