{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:17:12Z","timestamp":1790371032622,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]],"date-time":"2017-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mycoses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pneumocystosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCP<\/jats:styled-content>) mortality in the U.S. has received less attention in recent years. This study describes recent trends in mortality and the estimated burden of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCP<\/jats:styled-content>in the U.S., using the national multiple cause of death data during 1999\u20102014.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCP<\/jats:styled-content>mortality rates were calculated for age, sex, race and year. Demographic differences were presented for decedents with and without a human immunodeficiency virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>) co\u2010diagnosis. Matched odds ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MOR<\/jats:styled-content>) were generated to describe associations between non\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>conditions and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCP<\/jats:styled-content>mortality. In total, 11 512<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCP<\/jats:styled-content>deaths occurred during 1999\u20102014. Annual age\u2010adjusted<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCP<\/jats:styled-content>mortality decreased over this time period, from 0.479 to 0.154 per 100\u00a0000 population (1999 vs 2014 respectively). Over two\u2010thirds of decedents were male and Blacks had the highest mortality as compared to Whites.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>co\u2010diagnosis accounted for 48% of all<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCP<\/jats:styled-content>deaths in 2014 vs 71% in 1999. Comorbid conditions such as connective tissue disorders (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MOR<\/jats:styled-content>=12.29; 95% confidence interval=[10.26, 14.71]) were associated with a<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCP<\/jats:styled-content>diagnosis. Productivity losses amounted to &gt;$12 billion during the study period. Although widespread use of antiretroviral therapy and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCP<\/jats:styled-content>prophylaxis for<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>infection likely contributed to the overall decline in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCP<\/jats:styled-content>deaths during 1999\u20102014, a continual need exists to prevent and treat this fungal disease in immune\u2010compromised populations that are not infected with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T02:32:47Z","timestamp":1496284367000},"page":"607-615","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["The changing trends and profile of pneumocystosis mortality in the United States, 1999\u20102014"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0570-6275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ranjana N.","family":"Wickramasekaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention Los Angeles County Department of Public Health Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9530-6736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirna Ponce","family":"Jewell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention Los Angeles County Department of Public Health Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Sorvillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4120-8559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tony","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention Los Angeles County Department of Public Health Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-010-0029-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/CCDM.2745"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Pneumocystis pneumonia.http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/fungal\/diseases\/pneumocystis-pneumonia\/Published February 13 2014. 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In:UpToDate. Waltham MA;2016.https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/treatment-and-prevention-of-pneumocystis-infectionin-hiv-infected-patients?source=see_link. Accessed January 19 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/82.9.1052"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"26","article-title":"Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in non\u2010HIV\u2010infected patients in the era of novel immunosuppressive therapies","volume":"88","author":"Tasaka S","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kansensh\u014dgaku Zasshi J Jpn Assoc Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1010.030985"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Reportable fungal diseases by state.http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/fungal\/fungal-disease-reporting-table.htmlPublished January 21 2016. 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